Rapid Fire Facts Flashcards
1
Q
most common cause of neural tube defects
A
folate deficiency
2
Q
most common preventable cause of congenital malformations in US
A
alcohol during pregnancy
3
Q
drugs act on microtubules
A
vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, docetaxel, benzimidazoles, greseofulvin, colchicine
4
Q
adds phosphate group using ATP
A
kinase
5
Q
removes phosphate group
A
phosphatase
6
Q
adds inorganic phosphate (w/o using ATP)
A
phosphorylase
7
Q
adds carboxyl group (COOH); requires biotin as cofactor
A
carboxylase
8
Q
removes carboxyl group
A
decarboxylase
9
Q
adds hydroxyl group (OH)
A
hydroxylase
10
Q
removes hyodroxyl group
A
dehydroxylase
11
Q
oxidizes substrate using electron acceptor (NAD+ or NADP+)
A
dehydrogenase
12
Q
hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
A
Marfan syndrome (defective fibrillin)
13
Q
hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
A
Alport syndrome (defective collagen IV) "Can't see, can't pee, can't hear high C"
14
Q
lesion to brain that causes poor repitition
A
arcuate fasciculus
15
Q
lesion to brain that causes hemispatial neglect syndrome
A
non-dominant angular gyrus (parietal cortex)–> right lobe
16
Q
lesion to brain that causes poor comprehension
A
Wernicke’s area
17
Q
lesion to brain that causes poor verbal expression
A
Broca’s area
18
Q
lesion to brain that causes personality changes and disinhibition
A
frontal cortex
19
Q
lesion to brain that causes dysarthria
A
cerebellar vermis
20
Q
lesion to brain that causes agraphia and acalculia
A
dominant angular gyrus (parietal cortex)–> left lobe
Gerstmann syndrome
21
Q
“worst headache of my life”
A
subarachnoid hemorrhage (rupture of aneurysm)
22
Q
lucid interval following head truama
A
epidermal hematoma
23
Q
bloody CSF on LP
A
subarachnoid hemorrhage
24
Q
most common cause of subdural hematoma
A
rupture of bridging veins
25
most common cause of epidural hematoma
rupture of middle meningeal artery (fracture of temporal bone)
more common in young adults
26
damage to right vagus nerve or nucleus causes uvula to deviate to
the left
| uvula deviates away from lesion
27
damage to right hypoglossal nerve or nucleus causes tongue to deviate to
the right
| "licks the lesion"--> deviates toward lesion
28
Primary brain tumor: psuedopalisading necrosis
glioblastoma
29
Primary brain tumor: polycythemia
hemangioblastoma
30
Primary brain tumor: neurofibromatosis type 2
Schwannoma
31
Primary brain tumor: associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
hemangioma
32
Primary brain tumor: foamy cells, high vascularity
hemangioblastoma
33
Primary brain tumor: hyperprolactinemia--> galactorrhea, amenorrhea, anovulation
prolactinoma (pituitary adenoma)
34
Primary brain tumor: psammoma bodies
meningioma
35
Primary brain tumor: fried egg appearance
oligodendroglioma "o-leggo-my-eggo"
36
Primary brain tumor: perivascular pseudorosettes
ependymoma
37
Primary brain tumor: bitemporal hemianopia
pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma
38
Primary brain tumor: worst prognosis of any primary brain tumor
glioblastoma (
39
Primary brain tumor: child w/ hydrocephalus
medulloblastoma, ependymoma
40
Primary brain tumor: Homer-Wright pseudorosettes
medulloblastoma
41
most common cause of dementia
Alzheimer disase
42
2nd most common cause of dementia
vascular dementia
43
extracellular amyloid deposits in gray matter
Alzheimer disease
44
intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
Alzheimer disease
45
intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen on silver stain
frontotemporal dementia
46
treatment for absence seizures
ethosuximide
47
conjugate lateral gaze palsy, w/ nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
internuclear ophthalmoplegia (multiple sclerosis)
48
degeneration of dorsal columns
tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)
49
demyelinating disease in young women
multiple sclerosis
50
mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
51
depigmentation of substantia nigra
Parkinson disease
52
chorea, dementia and atrophy of caudate and putamen
Huntington disease
53
eosinophilic inclusions in cytoplasm of neurons
Lewy bodies
54
toe extension upon stimulating sole of foot w/ blunt instrument
Babinski reflex (or + Babinski sign in adults)
55
newborn w/ arm paralysis following difficult labor
Erb-Duchenne palsy
56
sensory receptor: pricking pain (fast, myelinated)
A-delta fibers
57
sensory receptor: burning or dull pain and itch (slow, unmyelinated)
C-polymodal fibers
58
sensory receptor: vibration and pressure
pacinian corpuscles
59
sensory receptor: dynamic/changing light, discriminatory touch
Meissner corpuscles
60
sensory receptor: static/unchanging light touch
Merkel discs
61
sensory receptor: proprioception information, muscle length monitoring
muscle spindles
62
sensory receptor: proprioception information, muscle tension monitoring
Golgi tendon organ
| "Golgi tension"
63
amyloid deposits in gray matter of brain
Alzheimer disease (senile plaques)
64
drooling farmer
ogranophosphate poisoning
65
medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
phenoxybenzamine (alpha-antagonist)
66
selective alpha1-antagonist used to treat BPH
tamsulosin
67
continuous, machine-like heart murmur
patent ductus arteriosus
68
"boot-shaped heart"
tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
69
rib notching
coarctation of aorta
70
most common congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
71
most common congenital cause of early cyanosis
tetralogy of Fallot
72
bounding pulses, head bobbing, diastolic murmur
aortic regurgitation
73
continuous, machine-like murmur
PDA
74
chest pain, pericardial friction rub, and persistent fever occurring several weeks after an MI
Dressler syndrome
75
splinter hemorrhages under fingernails
infective endocarditis
76
rentinal hemorrhages w/ pale centers
Roth spots (endocarditis)
77
heart valve most commonly involved in infective endocarditis
mitral valve
78
heart valve most commonly involved in IV drug users w/ infective endocarditis
tricuspid valve
79
JVD during inspiration
Kussmaul's sign
80
granulomatous nodules in heart
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic heart disease)
81
most common primary cardiac tumor in adults
left atrial myxoma
82
most common primary cardiac tumor in children
rhabdomyoma
83
most common cause of constrictive pericarditis
US: lupus
| developing countries: TB
84
c-ANCA
Granulomatis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener)
85
p-ANCA
Churg-Strauss, microscopic polyangiitis
86
treatment for thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger)
smoking cessation
87
treatment for giant cell arteritis
high dose corticosteroids
88
benign, raised, red lesion abut the size of mole in older patients
cherry hemangioma
89
raised, red area present at birth, increases in size initially then regresses over months to years
strawberry hemangioma
90
lesion caused by lymphoangiogenic growth factors in HIV pt
Kaposi sarcoma
91
polypoid red lesion found in pregnancy or after trauma
pyogenic granuloma
92
benign, painful, red-blue tumor under fingernails
glomus tumor
93
cavernous lymphangioma associated w/ Turner syndrome
cystic hygroma
94
skin papule in AIDS pt caused by Bartonella spp.
bacillary angiomatosis
95
most common malignant primary bone tumor in children
osteosarcoma
96
most common benign bone tumor
osteochonroma
97
11;22 translocation
Ewing sarcoma
98
Rb mutation in primary bone tumor
osteosarcoma
99
"sunburst" pattern on x-ray
osteosarcoma
100
"soap bubble" appearance on x-ray
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)
101
"onion skin" appearance of bone
Ewing sarcoma
102
may actually be hamartoma
osteochondroma
103
Codman's triangle on x-ray
osteosarcoma
104
bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis
Paget disease of bone
105
vertebral compression fractures
osteoporosis
106
positive anterior drawer sign
ACL tear
107
tenderness in anatomical snuffbox
scaphoid fracture
108
swollen, hard, painful finger joints
osteoarthritis
109
swollen, boggy, painful finger joints
rheumatoid arthritis
110
cartilage erosion w/ polished bone beneath
osteoarthritis
111
swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
gout
112
positively birefringment rhomboid-shaped crystals
pseudogout
113
negatively birefringment needle-shaped crystals
gout
114
bamboo spine on x-ray
ankylosing spondylitis
115
HLA-B27
seronegative spondyloarthropathies
116
pencil-in-cup deformity on x-ray of finger
psoratic arthritis
117
anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies
systemic lupus erythematous
118
anti-histone antibodies
drug induced lupus
119
anti-centromere antibodies
limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome)
120
anti-topoisomerase antibodies (anti-Scl-70)
diffuse scleroderma
121
anti-Jo-1 antibodies
polymyositis
122
anti-Ro antibodies (SS-A)
Sjogren syndrome
123
arthritis, dry mouth, and dry eyes
Sjogren syndrome
124
keratin pearls on skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
125
most common malignant skin tumor
basal cell carcinoma
126
main artery of pelvis
internal iliac
127
main nerve of pelvis
pudundal nerve
128
"bag of worms" scrotum
varicocele
129
most common cancer in men
prostate
130
most common cause of urinary obstruction in men
BPH
131
most common treatment of erectile dysfunction
phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
132
hepatic adenoma
combined estrogen-progestin (OCP use)
133
"grape-like" vaginal tumor
rhabdomyosarcoma (sarcoma botryoides)
134
koilocytes
cervical dysplasia (HPV infection)
135
most common benign tumor in women
leiomyoma
136
"chocolate cyst" of ovary
endometriosis
137
"powder burn" lesion
endometriosis
138
most common cause of infertility in women
PCOS
139
midcycle pelvic pain associated w/ ovulation
Mittelschmerz
140
ovarian tumor + ascites + hydrothorax
Meig's syndrome (fibromas)
141
teratoma--> hyperthyroidism
struma ovarri
142
estrogen-producing-->precocious puberty or postmenopausal bleeding
granulosa cell tumor
143
androgen-producing--> virilization
Sertoli-Leydig tumor
144
contains fallopian tube-like epithelium
serous tumor
145
contains urinary tract-like epithelium
Brenner tumor
146
historically associated w/ pseudomyxoma peritonei
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
| looks like appendiceal tumor
147
Schiller-Duval body
yolk sac tumor
148
Call-Exner body
granulosa cell tumor
149
Psammoma body
serous cystadenocarcinoma
150
"fried egg" cells
dysgeminoma tumor
151
"snowstorm" appearance on ultrasound
hydratidiform mole
152
most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
153
second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
fragile X syndrome
154
horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, and cystic hygroma
Turner syndrome
155
rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly w/ prominent occiput and small jaw
trisomy 18 (Edward syndrome)
156
most common breast cancer in women in US
breast cancer
157
most common benign breast tumor
fibroadenoma
158
most common malignant breast tumor
invasive ductal carcinoma
159
blue dome cyst in breast
fibrocystic change
160
treatment for ER (+) breast cancer
SERM (tamoxifen)
161
red, itchy, swollen rash on areola and nipple
Paget disease
162
branching, filamentous, gram-positive rods w/ sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
163
standard treatment for T. pallidum
penicillin G
164
cellulitis from dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
165
non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
syphilis (primary)-chancre
166
moist, smooth, flat, white genital lesion
condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)
167
large bull's eye rash
Lyme disease- erythema migrans
168
associated w/ Ghon focus or Ghon complex + hilar lymphadenopathy
primary tuberculosis
169
associated w/ lung infiltrate in apical-posterior segments of upper lobes
reactivation of tuberculosis
170
standard initial treatment regimen for TB
rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ehtambutol ("RIPE")
171
"strawberry" cervix
trichomonas vaginalis
172
clue cells
Gardnerella vaginalis
173
bacteria w/ "school of fish" appearance
Haemophilus ducreyi
174
dark purple lesions on skin of HIV pt
Kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8)
175
temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1
176
"owl's eye" inclusions in organ tissue
CMV
177
intranuclear eosinophilc droplets
type A Cowdry bodies (HSV, VZV, CMV)
178
aplastic anemia in sickle cell pt
parvovirus (B19-virus)
179
child w/ fever and "slapped cheek" rash on face tha spreads to his body
parvovirus (erythema infectiosum-5th disease)
180
fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, and diffuse rash
Measles (Rubeola)
| 3 C's
181
small, irregular, blue-gray spots on buccal mucosa, surrounded by base of red
Koplik spots (measles)
182
dark purple nodules on skin in HIV pts
Kaposi sarcoma
183
large cells w/ owl's eye inclusions
CMV
184
treatment for CMV
gangcyclovir
185
most common opportunistic infection in HIV pts
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)
186
drug used to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia
TMP-SMX
187
treatment for oral candidiasis
nystatin (swish and swallow), fluconazole (oral)
188
most common opportunistic infection in HIV pts
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
189
prophylaxis for pneumocystis pneumonia in AIDS pts
TMP-SMX
190
treatment for systemic candidiasis
fluconazole, amphotericin B, echinocandin
191
treatment for Sporothrix schenckii
itraconazole or potassium iodide
192
ring-enhancing brain lesion in HIV pt
Toxoplasma gondii
193
treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis
metronidazole
194
most common protozoal diarrhea
Giardia lamblia
195
eczema, recurrent cold abscesses, high serum IgE
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome)
196
large phagosomal vesicles in neutrophils
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
197
dysphagia, glossitis, and iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson
198
hematemesis w/ retching
Mallory-Weiss tear
| severe: Boerhaave syndrome
199
mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus
signet ring cell (gastric cancer or lober carcinoma in situ)
200
most common type of stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
201
ovarian metastasis from gastric cancer
Krukenberg tumor (see signet rings)
202
gastric ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
203
acute gastric ulcer associated w/ elevated ICP or head trauma
Cushing ulcer
204
acute gastric ulcer associated w/ severe burn
Curling ulcer
| think of a "curling iron burn"
205
weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy, hyperpigmentation
Whipple disease
206
anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin antibodies
Celiac disease
207
vitamin given to pregnant women to prevent neural tube defect
folate
208
most common surgical emergency
appendicitis
209
severe RLQ pain w/ rebound tenderness
McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
210
GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of mouth and hands
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
211
multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors
Gardners syndrome
212
"apple core" lesion on barium swallow
colorectal cancer
213
most common site of colonic diverticula
sigmoid colon
214
"string sign" on contrast x-ray
Crohn's disease
215
"lead pipe" appearance of colon on contrast x-ray
ulcerative colitis (due to loss of haustra)
216
painless jaundice
pancreatic cancer
217
most common cause of acute pancreatitis
gallstones, alcohol
218
most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
alcohol abuse
219
severe hyperbilirubinemia in neonate
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (type I)
220
Mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia
Gilbert syndrome
221
triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver disease)
222
eosinophilic inclusions in cytoplasm of hepatocytes
Mallory bodies
223
cancer closely linked to cirrhosis
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
224
hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites
Budd-Chiari syndrome
225
green/yellow corneal deposits
Kayser-Fleisher rings (Wilson disease)
226
low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease
227
cirrhosis, diabetes and hyperpigmentation
hemochromatosis
228
chronic sinusitis, infertility, and situs inversus
Kartagener syndrome
229
elevated D-dimer
PE, DVT
230
hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood
Virchow's triad
231
blue bloater
chronic bronchitis
232
pink puffer
emphysema
233
Curschmann spirals
asthma (shed epithelium-->form plugs)
234
bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
sarcoidosis
235
anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Good pasture
236
honeycomb lung on x-ray
pulmonary fibrosis
237
"tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles
Birbeck granules (Langerhan cell histocytosis)
238
iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)
239
lung cancer associated with SIADH
small cell lung carcinoma
240
tumor associated with Horner syndrome
pancoast tumor
241
lung cancer associated w/ hypercalcemia
squamous cell carcinoma
242
lung cancer associated w/ Cushing syndrome
small cell carcinoma
243
lung cancer associated w/ weakness
small cell carcinoma (Lambert Eaton syndrome)
244
substances associated w/ lung cancer
smoke, radon, silica, asbestos
245
a boy w/ self-mutilating behavior, intellectual disability and gout
Lesch-Nyman syndrome
246
orotic acid in urine + elevated serum ammonia
ornithine transcarboamoylase deficiency (urea cycle)
247
ortoic acid in urine + normal serum ammonia
ortoic aciduria (pyrimidine synthesis)
248
megaloblastic anemia that does not improve w/ folate and B12
orotic aciduria
249
bluish-colored lines on gingivae
Burton's lines (lead poisoning)
250
treatment of choice for rickets or osteomalacia
vitamin D
251
swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous membranes, and spots on skin
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)
252
most common vitamin deficiency in US
folate deficiency (vit B9)
253
hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia
254
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
Wet beriberi (thiamine-vit B1 deficiency)
255
most common class of medication for bulimia nervosa
SSRIs (fluoxetine)
256
most common medication for ADHD
methylphenidate (Ritalin)
257
medical treatment for alcohol w/drawal
benzodiazepines
258
most effective treatment for alcohol abuse
alcoholics anonymous
259
atrophy of mammillary bodies
Wernicke encephalopathy
260
diuretic used if sulfa allergy
ethacrynic acid (loop diuretic)
261
treatment of central DI
desmopressin (ADH analog)
262
treatment for nephrogenic DI
hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride
263
treatment for lithium-induced nephrogenic DI
amiloride (blocks Li+ absorption in kidney)
264
linear pattern of IgG depostion on IF
Good pasture
| looks like "fence enclosing a pasture"
265
lumpy-bumpy deposits of IgG, IgM, and C3 in mesangium
acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
266
deposits of IgA in mesangium
IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)
267
anti-GBM antibodies, hematuria, hemoptysis
Good pasture syndrome
268
crescent formation in glomeruli
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
269
wire loop appearance on LM
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (lupus)
270
most common nephrotic syndrome in children
minimal change disease
271
most common nephrotic syndrome in adults
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
272
EM: effacement of epithelial foot processes
minimal change disease
273
nephrotic syndrome associated w/ hepatitis B
membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis (type 1)
274
nephrotic syndrome associated w/ HIV
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
275
EM: subendothelial hump and tram-track appearance
membrano-proliferative
276
LM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
277
pupura on backs of arms and legs, abdominal pain, IgA nephropathy
Henoch-Scholein purpura
278
apple-green birefringence w/ Congo red stain under polarized light
amyloidosis
279
EM: spiking of GBM due to electron-dense subepithelial depostis
membranous nephropathy
280
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
diabetic glomerulonephropathy
281
inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance
Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)
282
infertility, galactorrhea, bitemporal hemianopia
prolactinoma
283
most common causes of Cushing syndrome
exogenous steroid use
ectopic ACTH secretion
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
adrenal tumor that secrets cortisol
284
most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
adrenal adenoma (Conn syndrome)
285
medical treatment for hyperaldosteronism
spironolactone or eplerenone
286
adrenal disease associated w/ skin hyperpigmentation
Addison disease
287
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)
288
most common tumor of adrenal
benign, non-functioning adrenal adenoma
289
most common tumor of adrenal medulla (in adults)
pheochromocytoma
290
most common tumor of adrenal medulla (in children)
neuroblastoma
291
medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
nonselective alpha-blocker (phenoxybenzamine)
292
pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and hyperparathyroidism
MEN 2A
293
pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, mucosal neuromas
MEN 2B
294
cold intolerance
hypothyroidism
295
most common thyroid cancer
papillary carcinoma
296
enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground-glass nuclei
papillary carcinoma ("orphan Annie nuclei")
297
most common cause of hypercalcemia
primary hyperparathyroidism
298
most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
parathyroid adenoma
299
most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
chronic renal failure
300
most common cause of hypoparathyroidism
accidental parathyroidectomy
301
facial muscle spasm when tapping on cheek
Chvostek sign
302
parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary tumors
MEN 1
303
preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation
heparin or LMWH
304
preferred anticoagulant for long-term anticoagulation
warfarin
305
preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy
heparin or LMWH
| doesn't cross the placenta
306
causes of hypochromic, microcytic anemia
iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, lead poisoning, anemia of chronic disease
307
skull x-ray shows a "hair-on-end" appearance
beta-thalassemia major, sickle cell disease
308
basophilic stippling of RBCs
lead poisoning
309
painful cyanosis of fingers and toes w/ hemolytic anemia
cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
310
red urine in morning and fragile RBCs
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
| Ham's test
311
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies (asplenia)
312
autosplenectomy
Sickle cell anemia
313
drug used to treat sickle cell disease
hydroxyurea (increase HbF)
314
antiplatelet antibodies
immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
315
bleeding disorder w/ gpIb deficiency
Bernard-Soulier disease
316
most common inherited bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
317
cancer most commonly associated w/ noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
318
sheets of lymphoid cells, "starry sky" appearnce
Burkitt lymphoma
319
large B cells w/ bilobed nuclei and prominent "owl's eye inclusions"
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
320
smudge cells
CLL
321
reddish-pink rods in cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
Auer rods (AML)
322
alkylates DNA, toxicity--> pulmonary fibrosis
busulfan
323
fragments DNA, toxicity--> pulmonary fibrosis
bleomycin
324
blocks purine synthesis, metabolized by xanthine oxidase
6-MP
325
nitrogen mustard, alkylates DNA (electrophile that binds DNA)
nitroureas (carmustine, lomustine, ect.)
326
folic acid analog that binds dihydrofolate reductase
methotrexate
327
intercalates DNA, produces oxygen free radicals, cardiotoxic
doxorubicin, daunorubicin
328
DNA alkylating agents used in brain cancer
nitroureas
329
applied topically for actinic keratoses and basal cell cancers
5-FU
330
treatment for childhood tumors (Ewing sarcoma, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma)
dactinomycin
331
side effect of hemorrhagic cystitis
cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide
332
cross-links DNA, nephrotoxic, ototoxic
cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin
333
prevents tubulin disassembly
paclitaxel
| "taxes stabilize society"
334
inhibits ribonucleotide reductase
hyydroxyurea
335
inhibitor of mutated tyrosine kinase produced by Philadelphia chromosome
imatinib
336
monoclonal antibody against HER2
trastuzumab
337
SERM that does not increase risk of endometrial cancer
raloxifene
