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Board Review > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

truncus arteriosius

A

ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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2
Q

bulbous cordis

A

smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles

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3
Q

primitive atria

A

trabeculated part of left and right atria

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4
Q

primitive ventricle

A

trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

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5
Q

primitive pulmonary vein

A

smooth part of left atrium

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6
Q

left horn of sinus venosus (SV)

A

coronary sinus

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7
Q

right horn of SV

A

smooth part of right atrium

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8
Q

right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

A

SVC

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9
Q

umbilical vein

A

ligamentum teres hepatis

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10
Q

umbilical arteries

A

medial umbilical ligament

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11
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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12
Q

ductus venosus

A

ligamentum venosum

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13
Q

foramen ovale

A

fossa ovalis

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14
Q

allantois

A

urachus-median umbilical ligament

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15
Q

notochord

A

nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc

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16
Q

kidney embryology

A

pronephros (wk 4)–> mesonephros (1st trimester, contributes to male genital system)–> metanephros (permanent, ureteric buds, metenephric mesenchyme)

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17
Q

ureteric bud

A
  • derived from caudal end of mesonephric duct

- gives rise to: ureter, pelvises, calyces, collecting duct

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18
Q

metanephric mesenchyme

A
  • interacts w/ ureteric bud

- formation of glomerulus through distal convoluted tubule

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19
Q

1st aortic arch

A 
maxillary artery (branch of external carotid)
"1st arch is MAXimal"
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20
Q

2nd aortic arch

A

stapedial artery and hyoid artery

“Second=Stapedial”

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21
Q

3rd aortic arch

A

common carotid artery and proximal part of internal carotid artery
-“C is the 3rd letter of the alphabet”

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22
Q

4th aortic arch

A

left: aortic arch
right: proximal part of right subclavian artery

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23
Q

6th aortic arch

A

proximal part of pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus (left only)

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24
Q

Branchial apparatus derivatives

A

branchial clefts: ectoderm
branchial arches: mesoderm
branchial pouches: endoderm

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25
Q

1st cleft

A

external auditory meatus

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26
Q

2nd-4th cleft

A

temporary cervical sinuses (obliterated by proliferation of 2nd arch mesenchyme)

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27
Q

1st pouch

A

middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, mastoid air cells

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28
Q

2nd pouch

A

epithelial lining of palatine tonsil

29
Q

3rd pouch

A

dorsal wings: inferior parathyroids

ventral wings: thymus

30
Q

4th pouch

A

dorsal wings: superior parathyroid

31
Q

1st branchial arch

A

cartilage: meckel cartilage (mandible, malleus, incus, sphenomandibular ligament)
muscles: muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids), mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensory tympani, tensor veli palantini
nerves: V2 and V3

Treacher Collins sysndrome: 1st arch failes to migrate–> madibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities

“M’s & T’s”

32
Q

2nd branchial arch

A

cartilage: stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament
muscles: muscles of facial expression (stapedius, stylohyoid, platysma, belly of digastric)
nerves: CN VII (facial)

33
Q

3rd branchial arch

A

cartilage: greater horn of hyoid
muscles: sylopharyngeus
nerve: CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

34
Q

4th-6th branchial arches

A

cartilage: thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform
muscles: 4th (pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini), 6th (all intrinsic muslces of larynx except cricothyroid)
nerves: 4th (CN X-superior laryngeal branch), 6th (CN X-recurrent laryngeal branch)

35
Q

branchial arch derviatives mnemonic

A

“When at the restaurant of the golden ARCHES, children tend to first CHEW (1), then SMILE (2), then SWALLOW STYLishly (3) or SIMPLY SWALLOW (4), and then SPEAK (6)

36
Q

paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct

A

develops into female internal structures

-fallopian tubes, uterus, upper portion of vagina

37
Q

mesonephric (Wolffian) duct

A

develops into internal male structures (except prostate)

-seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens

38
Q

Genital tubercle

glans penis

A

glans clitoris

39
Q

Genital tubercle

corpus cavernosum and spongiosum

A

vestibular bulbs

40
Q 
Urogenital sinus
bulbourethral glands (of Cowper)
A

greater vestibular glands (of Bartholin)

41
Q

Urogenital sinus

prostate gland

A

urethral and paraurethral glands (of Skene)

42
Q

Urogenital folds

ventral shaft of penis (penile urethra)

A

labia minora

43
Q

Labioscrotal swelling

scrotum

A

labia majora

44
Q

Gubernaculum (band of fibrous tissue)

anchors testes w/in scrotum

A

ovarian ligament + round ligament uterus

45
Q 
Processus vaginalis (evagination of peritoneum)
forms tunica vaginalis
A

obliterated

46
Q

failed involution of urachus

A

drainage of urine from umbilicus

47
Q

failed involution of vitelline (omaphalomesenteric) duct

A

drainage of meconium from umbilicus

48
Q

22q11 syndrome

A

truncus arteriosus, tetrology of Fallot

49
Q

Down syndrome

A

ASD, VSD, AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)

50
Q

Congenital rubella

A

septal defects, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis

51
Q

Turner syndrome

A

bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of aorta (preductal)

52
Q

Marfan syndrome

A

MVP, thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection, aortic regurgitation

53
Q

Infant of diabetic mother

A

transposition of great vessels

54
Q

forebrain (prosencephalon)

A

telencephalon

diencephalon

55
Q

midbrain

A

mesencephalon

56
Q

hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

A

metencephalon

myelencephalon

57
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebral hemispheres

lateral ventricles

58
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus

third ventricle

59
Q

mesencephalon

A

midbrain

aqueduct

60
Q

metencehalon

A

pons
upper part of fourth ventricle
cerebellum

61
Q

myelencephalon

A

medulla

lower part of fourth ventricle

62
Q

agenesis

A

absent organ due to absent primordial tissue

63
Q

aplasia

A

absent organ despite presence of primordial tissue

64
Q

hypoplasia

A

incomplete organ development; primordial tissue pressent

65
Q

deformation

A

extrinsic disruption; occurs after the embryonic period

66
Q

disruption

A

secondary breakdown of previously normal tissue or structure

67
Q

malformation

A

intrinsic disruption; occurs during embryonic period (weeks 3-8)

68
Q

sequence

A

abnormalities result from single primary embryological event

ex: oligohydramnios–> Potter sequence

Board Review (11 decks)

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