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Board Review > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

cholecystokinin (CCK)

A
  • I cells (duodenum, jejunum)
  • increases pancreatic secretion, gallbladder contraction, sphincter of Oddi relaxation
  • decrease gastric emptying
  • regulation: increased by FA and AA
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2
Q

gastrin

A
  • G cells (antrum of stomach)
  • increases gastric H+ secretion, growth of gastric mucosa, gastric motility
  • regulation: increased by stomach distention/alkalinization, AA, peptides, vagal stimulation; decreased by stomach pH
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3
Q

glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

A
  • K cells (duodenum, jejunum)
  • exocrine: decreases H+ secretion
  • endocrine: increases insulin release
  • regulation: increased by fatty acids, aa, oral glucose
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4
Q

motilin

A
  • small intestine
  • produces migrating motor complexes
  • regulation: increases in fasting state
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5
Q

secretin

A
  • S cells (duodenum)
  • increases pancreatic HCO3- secretion, bile secretion
  • decreases gastric acid secretion
  • regulation: increased by acid, FA in lumen of duodenum
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6
Q

somatostatin

A
  • D cells (pancreatic islets, GI mucosa)
  • decreases gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion, pancreatic and small intestine fluid secretion, gallbladder contraction, insulin and glucagon release
  • regulation: increased by acid, decreased by vagal stimulation
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7
Q

nitric oxide

A

-increases smooth muscle relaxation including lower esophageal sphincter

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8
Q

vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)

A
  • parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters of gallbladder, small intestine
  • increases intestinal water and electrolyte secretion, relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters
  • regulation: increased by distention and vagal stimulation; decreased by adrenergic input
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9
Q

intrinsic factor

A
  • parietal cells (stomach)

- vitamin B12 binding protein (uptake in ileum)

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10
Q

gastric acid

A
  • parietal cells (stomach)
  • decrease stomach pH
  • regulation: increased by histamine, ACh, gastrin; decreased by somatostatin, GIP, prostaglandin, secretin
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11
Q

pepsin

A
  • chief cells (stomach)
  • protein digestion
  • regulation: increased by vagal stimulation, local acid
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12
Q

HCO3-

A
  • mucosal cells (stomach, duodenum, salivary, pancreas)
  • Brunner glands (duodenum)
  • neutralize acids
  • regulation: increased by biliary secretion w/ secretin
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Board Review (11 decks)

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