rapid fire facts 2 Flashcards
msot common surgical emergency
appendicitis
severe RLQ pain w rebound tenderness
mcburney’s point
GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of mouth and hands, ,
puetz-jager synd
multiple colon polyps, osteomasm st tumors
Gardner synd
“apple core” lesion on barium eenema
colon CA
mc site colonic diverticula
sigmoid colon
string sign on contrast x ray
chrons dis
lead pipe appearance of colon contrast x ray
ulcerative colitis
painless jaundice
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
mc cause acute pancreatitis
gallstones and alch
mc cause chronic pancreatitis
alch
severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate
crigler najjar t1
mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia
gilbers synd
triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes
fatty liver dis
eos inclusions in cytoplasm of hepatocytes
MAllory bodies in alch hepatitis
CA closely linked to cirrhosis
hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatomegaly, abd pain, ascites
bud-chiari synd
green, yellow corneal deposits
wilsons dis: keiser flischer dis
low serum ceruplasmin
wilsons dis
cirrhosis, diab, hyperpigment
hemochromatosis
elevated D dimer
PE, DVT
hypercoagubility, endothelial damage, stasis of blood
virchows triad
blue bloater
hypoxemia, hypercapnea (chronic bronchitis)
pink puffer
dyspnea, hyperventilation (emphysema)
curschmann spirals
shed epithlium form mucus plugs (asthma)
b/l hilar adenopathy, uveitis
sarcoidosis
antiglomerular BM antibodies
goodpasture synd
honeycombing lung on CT
idiopathic pulm fibrosis
tennis racket shaped cytopalsmic organelles
birbeck granules in pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis
iron-containing nodules in the alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)
lung CA assoc w SIADH
small cell lung CA (secrete ADH)
tumor assoc w horners synd
pancoast lung tumor
lung CA assoc w hyper Ca
squamous cell lung CA
lung CA assoc w cusings synd
small cell lung CA (secrete ACTH)
lung CA assoc w weakness
small cell lung CA (Lambort Eaton: abs to presynap Ca channel))
substances assoc w lung CA
smoking, radon, asbestos
CP, pericardial frictior rub, persistant fever occurring several weeks after an MI
dressler synd
splinter hems under fingernails
infective endocarditis
retinal hems w pale centers
roth spots - infective endocarditis
heart valve most commonly involved in infective endocarditis
mitral valve
heart valve most commonly involved in an IV drug user w infective endocarditis
tricuspid valve
c-anca
granulomatosis w polyangitis (wegners)
p-anca
churgg strauss and microscopic polyangitis
tx for thromboangiitis obliterans
stop smokinggggg!!!
tx for giant cell arteritis
steroids
boy w self-mutilating behaior, intellec disability, gout
lesh-nyhann synd
orotic acid in urine + elevated serum ammonia
ornithine transferase deficiency
orotic acid in urine + nml serum ammonia
orotic adicuria
megaloblastic anemia that does not improve w folate and B12
orotic adicuria
mc calss of medication for bulemia nervosa
SSRI: fluoxetine
mc med for ADHD
methylphenidate
medical tx for alch withdrawal
benzos
atrophy of mamillary bodies
wernickes encephalopathy
tx central DI
desmopresssin
tx nephrogenic DI
HCTZ, indomethicin, amiloride
tx Li-induced nephrogenic DI
amiloride
bluish colored lines on the gingivae
Burtons lines (lead poison)
tx for rickets or osteomalacia
vit d
swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous mems, spots on skin
vit c deficiency
mc vit deficinecy in the US
folate def
hypersegmented nfs
megaloblastic anemia
dialted cariomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
wet beri beri (b1 def)
inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance
sheehan synd
infertility, glaactorrhea, bitemporal hemianopia
prolactinoma
mc cause primary hyperaldosteronism
b/l adrenal hyperplasia
mecical tx fro hyper aldosteronism
spironolactone/epelerenone
adrenal dis assoc w skin hyperpirmentation
addisons dis (primary adrenal insuff)
HTN, hypokalemia, metablic alkalosis
Conn synd (hyperaldosteronism)
mc tumor of adrenal gland
benign, non-fct adrenal adenoma
mc tumor adrenal medulla in adults
pheo
mc tumor arenal medulla in kids
neuroblastoma
medical tx for pheochromocytoma
a blocker: phenoxybenzamine
pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid CA, hyper parathyroidism
MEN2A
pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid CA, mucosal neuromas
MEN2B
mc thyroid CA
papillary thyroid CA
enlarged thyroid cells w ground-glass nuclei
papillary thyroid CA
most likely electrolyte abn w perioral tingling, perioral parestheisas, recerrent thyroidectomy
hypocalcemia
mc cause hypercalcemia
primary hyperparathyroidism
mc cause primary hyperparathyroidism
parathyroid adenoma
mc cause secondary hyperparathyroidism
chrronic renal failure
mc cause hypoparathyroidism
accidenta parathyroidectomy
facial m spasm when tappin on cheek
chvostek sign
parathyroid, panc, pituitary tumors
MEN1
preferred anticoag for immediate anticoag
heparin or LMWH
preferred anticoag for long term anticoag
warfarin
perferred anticoag during preg
heparin or LMWH
ccauses of hypochromic, microcytic anemia
iron deficiency, thalassemia, lead poisonong, anemia of chronic dis
skull xray: “hair on end” appearance
B thalassemia, SCD
basophilic stippling of RBCs
lead poisoning
cold temps –> painful cyanosis of the fingers and toes w hemolytic anemia
cold AI hemolytic anemia
red urine in the morning and fragile RBCs
parosysmal nocturmna hemoglobinuria
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC
howell-jolly bodies
autosplenectomy
SCD
drug used to tx SCD
hydroxyurea
antiplatlet antibodies
immune thrombocytopenia
bleeding disprder w ti gp1b deficiency
bernard-soulier dis
mc inherited bleeding disorder
vonWillibrand dis
CA most assoc w a noninfectious fever
hodgkin lymphoma
sheets of lympohid cells, starry sky appearance
burkitts lymphoma
large b cells w bilobed nuclei and prominent owls eye inclusions
hodgkins lymphoma
smudge cells
CLL
reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasam of leukemic blasts
auer rods (AML)
dark purple lesions on skin in HIV pt
kaposi sarcoma (HHV8)
temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV1
owls eye inclusion s in organ tissue
CMV
intranuclear eos droplets
type A cowdry bodies (HSV, VZV, CMV)
aplastic anemia in sickle cell pt
parvovirus
child w a fever and slapped cheed rash on the face that spreads to the body
parvovirus
fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, diffuse rash
measels (rubleola)
small, irregular blue-grey spots on buccal mucosa, surrounded by a base of red
kopik spots (measels - rubeola)
tx CMV
ganciclovir
mc opportunistic infxn HIV
PCP
drug used to prevent PCP
TMP-SMX
tx for oral candidiadisis
nystatin, flucomazole
tx systemc candidiasis
fluconazole (amphotericin B, echinocandin if immunocompromised)
tx sporothrix schenckii
irtaconazole, potassium iodide
ring enhancing brian lesions in HIV pt
tosoplasma gondii
tx trichomonas vaginalis
metronidazole
mc protozoal drh
giardia lambdia