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rapid fire facts 2 Flashcards

1
Q

msot common surgical emergency

A

appendicitis

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2
Q

severe RLQ pain w rebound tenderness

A

mcburney’s point

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3
Q

GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of mouth and hands, ,

A

puetz-jager synd

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4
Q

multiple colon polyps, osteomasm st tumors

A

Gardner synd

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5
Q

“apple core” lesion on barium eenema

A

colon CA

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6
Q

mc site colonic diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

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7
Q

string sign on contrast x ray

A

chrons dis

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8
Q

lead pipe appearance of colon contrast x ray

A

ulcerative colitis

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9
Q

painless jaundice

A

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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10
Q

mc cause acute pancreatitis

A

gallstones and alch

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11
Q

mc cause chronic pancreatitis

A

alch

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12
Q

severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate

A

crigler najjar t1

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13
Q

mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia

A

gilbers synd

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14
Q

triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes

A

fatty liver dis

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15
Q

eos inclusions in cytoplasm of hepatocytes

A

MAllory bodies in alch hepatitis

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16
Q

CA closely linked to cirrhosis

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

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17
Q

hepatomegaly, abd pain, ascites

A

bud-chiari synd

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18
Q

green, yellow corneal deposits

A

wilsons dis: keiser flischer dis

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19
Q

low serum ceruplasmin

A

wilsons dis

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20
Q

cirrhosis, diab, hyperpigment

A

hemochromatosis

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21
Q

elevated D dimer

A

PE, DVT

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22
Q

hypercoagubility, endothelial damage, stasis of blood

A

virchows triad

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23
Q

blue bloater

A

hypoxemia, hypercapnea (chronic bronchitis)

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24
Q

pink puffer

A

dyspnea, hyperventilation (emphysema)

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25
Q

curschmann spirals

A

shed epithlium form mucus plugs (asthma)

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26
Q

b/l hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

sarcoidosis

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27
Q

antiglomerular BM antibodies

A

goodpasture synd

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28
Q

honeycombing lung on CT

A

idiopathic pulm fibrosis

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29
Q

tennis racket shaped cytopalsmic organelles

A

birbeck granules in pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis

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30
Q

iron-containing nodules in the alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)

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31
Q

lung CA assoc w SIADH

A

small cell lung CA (secrete ADH)

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32
Q

tumor assoc w horners synd

A

pancoast lung tumor

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33
Q

lung CA assoc w hyper Ca

A

squamous cell lung CA

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34
Q

lung CA assoc w cusings synd

A

small cell lung CA (secrete ACTH)

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35
Q

lung CA assoc w weakness

A

small cell lung CA (Lambort Eaton: abs to presynap Ca channel))

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36
Q

substances assoc w lung CA

A

smoking, radon, asbestos

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37
Q

CP, pericardial frictior rub, persistant fever occurring several weeks after an MI

A

dressler synd

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38
Q

splinter hems under fingernails

A

infective endocarditis

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39
Q

retinal hems w pale centers

A

roth spots - infective endocarditis

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40
Q

heart valve most commonly involved in infective endocarditis

A

mitral valve

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41
Q

heart valve most commonly involved in an IV drug user w infective endocarditis

A

tricuspid valve

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42
Q

c-anca

A

granulomatosis w polyangitis (wegners)

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43
Q

p-anca

A

churgg strauss and microscopic polyangitis

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44
Q

tx for thromboangiitis obliterans

A

stop smokinggggg!!!

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45
Q

tx for giant cell arteritis

A

steroids

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46
Q

boy w self-mutilating behaior, intellec disability, gout

A

lesh-nyhann synd

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47
Q

orotic acid in urine + elevated serum ammonia

A

ornithine transferase deficiency

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48
Q

orotic acid in urine + nml serum ammonia

A

orotic adicuria

49
Q

megaloblastic anemia that does not improve w folate and B12

A

orotic adicuria

50
Q

mc calss of medication for bulemia nervosa

A

SSRI: fluoxetine

51
Q

mc med for ADHD

A

methylphenidate

52
Q

medical tx for alch withdrawal

A

benzos

53
Q

atrophy of mamillary bodies

A

wernickes encephalopathy

54
Q

tx central DI

A

desmopresssin

55
Q

tx nephrogenic DI

A

HCTZ, indomethicin, amiloride

56
Q

tx Li-induced nephrogenic DI

A

amiloride

57
Q

bluish colored lines on the gingivae

A

Burtons lines (lead poison)

58
Q

tx for rickets or osteomalacia

A

vit d

59
Q

swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous mems, spots on skin

A

vit c deficiency

60
Q

mc vit deficinecy in the US

A

folate def

61
Q

hypersegmented nfs

A

megaloblastic anemia

62
Q

dialted cariomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy

A

wet beri beri (b1 def)

63
Q

inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance

A

sheehan synd

64
Q

infertility, glaactorrhea, bitemporal hemianopia

A

prolactinoma

65
Q

mc cause primary hyperaldosteronism

A

b/l adrenal hyperplasia

66
Q

mecical tx fro hyper aldosteronism

A

spironolactone/epelerenone

67
Q

adrenal dis assoc w skin hyperpirmentation

A

addisons dis (primary adrenal insuff)

68
Q

HTN, hypokalemia, metablic alkalosis

A

Conn synd (hyperaldosteronism)

69
Q

mc tumor of adrenal gland

A

benign, non-fct adrenal adenoma

70
Q

mc tumor adrenal medulla in adults

A

pheo

71
Q

mc tumor arenal medulla in kids

A

neuroblastoma

72
Q

medical tx for pheochromocytoma

A

a blocker: phenoxybenzamine

73
Q

pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid CA, hyper parathyroidism

A

MEN2A

74
Q

pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid CA, mucosal neuromas

A

MEN2B

75
Q

mc thyroid CA

A

papillary thyroid CA

76
Q

enlarged thyroid cells w ground-glass nuclei

A

papillary thyroid CA

77
Q

most likely electrolyte abn w perioral tingling, perioral parestheisas, recerrent thyroidectomy

A

hypocalcemia

78
Q

mc cause hypercalcemia

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

79
Q

mc cause primary hyperparathyroidism

A

parathyroid adenoma

80
Q

mc cause secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

chrronic renal failure

81
Q

mc cause hypoparathyroidism

A

accidenta parathyroidectomy

82
Q

facial m spasm when tappin on cheek

A

chvostek sign

83
Q

parathyroid, panc, pituitary tumors

A

MEN1

84
Q

preferred anticoag for immediate anticoag

A

heparin or LMWH

85
Q

preferred anticoag for long term anticoag

A

warfarin

86
Q

perferred anticoag during preg

A

heparin or LMWH

87
Q

ccauses of hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency, thalassemia, lead poisonong, anemia of chronic dis

88
Q

skull xray: “hair on end” appearance

A

B thalassemia, SCD

89
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning

90
Q

cold temps –> painful cyanosis of the fingers and toes w hemolytic anemia

A

cold AI hemolytic anemia

91
Q

red urine in the morning and fragile RBCs

A

parosysmal nocturmna hemoglobinuria

92
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC

A

howell-jolly bodies

93
Q

autosplenectomy

A

SCD

94
Q

drug used to tx SCD

A

hydroxyurea

95
Q

antiplatlet antibodies

A

immune thrombocytopenia

96
Q

bleeding disprder w ti gp1b deficiency

A

bernard-soulier dis

97
Q

mc inherited bleeding disorder

A

vonWillibrand dis

98
Q

CA most assoc w a noninfectious fever

A

hodgkin lymphoma

99
Q

sheets of lympohid cells, starry sky appearance

A

burkitts lymphoma

100
Q

large b cells w bilobed nuclei and prominent owls eye inclusions

A

hodgkins lymphoma

101
Q

smudge cells

A

CLL

102
Q

reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasam of leukemic blasts

A

auer rods (AML)

103
Q

dark purple lesions on skin in HIV pt

A

kaposi sarcoma (HHV8)

104
Q

temporal lobe encephalitis

A

HSV1

105
Q

owls eye inclusion s in organ tissue

A

CMV

106
Q

intranuclear eos droplets

A

type A cowdry bodies (HSV, VZV, CMV)

107
Q

aplastic anemia in sickle cell pt

A

parvovirus

108
Q

child w a fever and slapped cheed rash on the face that spreads to the body

A

parvovirus

109
Q

fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, diffuse rash

A

measels (rubleola)

110
Q

small, irregular blue-grey spots on buccal mucosa, surrounded by a base of red

A

kopik spots (measels - rubeola)

111
Q

tx CMV

A

ganciclovir

112
Q

mc opportunistic infxn HIV

A

PCP

113
Q

drug used to prevent PCP

A

TMP-SMX

114
Q

tx for oral candidiadisis

A

nystatin, flucomazole

115
Q

tx systemc candidiasis

A

fluconazole (amphotericin B, echinocandin if immunocompromised)

116
Q

tx sporothrix schenckii

A

irtaconazole, potassium iodide

117
Q

ring enhancing brian lesions in HIV pt

A

tosoplasma gondii

118
Q

tx trichomonas vaginalis

A

metronidazole

119
Q

mc protozoal drh

A

giardia lambdia

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