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4/5 star topics DIT 2 Flashcards

1
Q

koilocytes

A

condyloma accumulata

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2
Q

symp gonorrhea:

  • F
  • M
A

F

  • cervicitis
  • urethritis
  • PID

M

  • urethritis
  • mucupurulent discharge
  • epididimytis
  • disseminated - arth
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3
Q

chlamydia

  • f
  • m
A

f

  • cervicitis
  • urethritis
  • PID

M

  • urethritis
  • epiditymitis
  • prostatitis
  • conjunctivitis
  • reiters synd
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4
Q

pauluss genital ulser (bubos) –> painful inguinal LAD

A

lymphogranuloma vererum

  • chlamydia L1-L3
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5
Q

painful genital ulcers w erethymatous base

A

HSV

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6
Q

painful ulcer adn LAD

school of fish

A

chancroid by H ducreai

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7
Q

painless ulcer –> condyloma lata

A

syphilis

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8
Q

hardy weinbery eqns

A

p + q = 1

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

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9
Q

what are the dx symp of major depressive disorder

A

D SIG E CAPS

  • depressed mood
  • sleep alteration
  • interest lack
  • guilt
  • ene less
  • conc less
  • appetite change
  • psychomotor retardation
  • suicide

2wk duration! 5 of these!

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10
Q

Potter sequence

  • cause
  • s/s
A
  • oligohydramnios
  • Pulm hypoplasia
  • Oligohydramnios
  • Twisted face
  • Twisted skin (wrinkles)
  • Ext deformities
  • Rrenal agenesis
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11
Q

Howseshoe kidney

  • cause
  • what happens
  • assoc w
A
  • fusion of inf poles of kidney
  • stuck on IMA
  • turners
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12
Q

age:

  • roll over
  • hands together
  • laugh and squeal
A

3mo

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13
Q

age

  • sit up
  • transfer a cube from 1 hand to another
  • single syllables
  • self-feed
A

6mo

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14
Q

age

  • crawl
  • object perminence
  • stranger anxiety beginning
A

9mo

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15
Q

age

  • stand, walk
  • block into a cup
  • 1-3 words
  • drink from cup
  • starting to have separation anxiety
A

1yr

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16
Q

age

  • walk bkwd, run
  • build 2 cube tower
  • 6 words
  • use fork and spoon
A

15mo

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17
Q

age

  • climb stairs, kick balls
  • 4 cube tower
  • combine words
  • brush teeth with help
A

18mo

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18
Q

age

  • jump up
  • 6 cube tower
  • half understandable
  • wash/dr hands
  • form gender identity and potty traineinng
A

2yo

19
Q

age

  • jump fwd, ride tricycle
  • copy a ciccle
  • undestandable
  • pour cereal, brush teeth, dress, play board games
A

3yo

20
Q

age

  • hop 1 foot
  • copy a plus sign, draw stick figure
  • button clothes, magival thinking
A

4yo

21
Q

age

  • tie choes
  • copy square and triangle
  • identify colors, coins, count to 5
A

5yo

22
Q

age

  • logicla thinking (censequnces)
A

6yo

23
Q

calculating apgar score:

A

Appearance

pulse

grimace

activity

respirations

24
Q

describe the pathway from phenalalanine to epi and which enzs for diseases

A
25
Q

PKU:

  • d/t
  • build up of
  • s/s
  • tx
  • what if preg mom who ignores their PKU
A
  • def in phenylalanine hydroxylase or def in BH4
  • bld up of phenylketones:
    • phenly-aceate
    • phenyl-lactate
    • phenyl-pyruvate
  • ss:
    • grth retard
    • MR
    • fair skin
    • eczema
    • musty body odor
  • tx
    • avoid phenylalanine (aspartamine, diary, meat, fish, chich=ken, eggs, beans, nuts)
    • add tyrosine to diet
    • add BH4 to diet
  • if mom ignore, then bby will have microcephaly, MR, grth retard, heart defects
26
Q

vit D

  • 2 enzs req
  • mechanisms for deficiency
  • s/s defciency
  • tx for deficeincy
  • s/s tox
A
  • 25-hydroxylase and 1 alpha hydroxylase
  • 4:
    • decreased vit d in diet
    • decrease25-hydroxylase
    • decrease 1 alpha hydroxylase
    • end organ insensitivity to vit d
  • rickets and osteomalacia: bone breakdown/tender, tooth probs
  • tx: vit d lol
  • tox:
    • incr Ca = stones, bones, groans, psych overtones
    • sarcoid = mfs increase pathway
27
Q

vit K

  • use
  • how synth
  • neoborns>
  • what causes def
A
  • post translational modification protein C, S, CF 1972
  • synth by intestinal flora
  • newborns sterile gut so give 1 IM injection
  • def via warfarin, phenytoin, antibiotics (wipe out flora)
28
Q

vit A

  • uses
  • preg?
  • ss deficiency
  • ss tox
A
  • acne, measels, AML (M3 type)
  • not use in preg!
  • def:
    • night blind
    • xeropthalmia
    • keratomalacia (wrinkle/cloud cornea)
    • bitot spots - dry plaques on bulbar conjunctiva
  • tox
    • HA
    • n/v
    • stupor
    • incr ICP
    • dry puritic skin
    • hepatomegaly
    • bone joint pain
    • alopecia
29
Q

vit E

  • aka
  • what it does
  • def ss
A
  • alpha-tocopherol
  • antioxidant
  • def
    • hemolytic anemia
    • spinocerebellar degen = ataxia
    • periperal neuropathy
    • peox m weak
30
Q

vit C

  • aka
  • fct
  • ss def
A
  • ascorbic acid
  • fcts
    • hydroxylation prolyly and lysys residues on collagen
    • DA b-carboxylase req it
    • antioxidant
    • facilitate iron transport in gut
  • def ss: scurvy!
    • sore spongy gums
    • loose teeth
    • fragile bvs
    • swollen joints
    • hemarthrosis
    • impaired wound healing
    • anemia
31
Q

draw out the steroid synth pathway and what are the features of eafh CAH

A
32
Q

s/s cushing synd

A
  • striae
  • truncal obesity
  • moon face
  • acne
  • bufalo hump
  • easy bruise
  • peptic ulcer
  • glaucoma
  • DM
  • osteoporosis
  • immune suppression
  • psychosos/insomnia
  • thin skin
  • HTN
  • necrosis femoral head
33
Q

tumor locations in:

  • MEN1
  • MEN2A
  • MEN2B
A
  • MEN1
    • parathyroid adenoma
    • pituitary adenoma
    • panc tumor
      • gastrinoma
      • insulinoma
      • glucaconoma
      • VIPoma
  • MEN2A
    • medullary thyroid CA
    • pheo
    • parathyroid hyperplasia
  • MEN2B
    • medullary thyroid CA
    • pheo
    • ganglion neuromatosis (mucosal neuroma)
34
Q

DKA

  • path
  • induced by
  • clinical present
  • complications
  • tx
A
  • path
    • in T1DM
    • insulin def = body think starving so make ketones and glucagon
  • induced by
    • undx DM
    • missed insulin
    • trauma drugs/alch
  • present
    • polyuria, polydipsia, wt loss
    • dehyd
    • abd pain, n/v.
    • confusion, delirium
    • sweet breath
    • kusmals sign
    • metabolic acidosis
    • hyper glycemia (250)
    • serum and urine ketones
    • incr serum K but low total body K
  • complications
    • arrythmia (bc incr K and decr Mg
    • invasife fungus (mucor)
  • tx
    • ICU
    • fluids
    • insulin (mainly to inhib lipolysis)
    • K
    • Mg
    • monitor anion gap
35
Q

HHS

  • path
  • present
  • tx
A
  • path
    • have some insulin on board.. no ketoacidisos
    • extreme hyperglucemia (800)
    • and incr serum osm
  • present
    • confusion, delerium, coma
    • dehyd
    • n/v abd pain
  • tx
    • fluids
    • insulin
    • K
    • (noanion gap: monitor glucose)
36
Q

warfarin

  • moa
  • uses
  • preg?
  • what happens first
  • reversal
A
  • moa
    • inhibs epoxide reductase (which is responsible tof recycling vitK)
  • uses: chrronic anticoag:
    • afib
    • DVT prophylaxis
    • DVT tx
    • PE tx
  • preg? NO!!
    • bone and cartilage probs in epephyses; nasal hypoplasia
  • what happens first
    • transient hypercoag bc 1st efect is to elim protein C and S
  • reversal
    • oral/IV vit K; PCC; FFP
37
Q

Immune thrombocytopenia:

  • whats wrong
  • labs
  • tx
A
  • antibodies to gp2b/3a on plt surface
  • decr plt ct
  • steroids, IVIG, splenectomy
38
Q

TTP

  • what wrong
  • present as
A
  • excessive plt activation –> widespread thrombosis
  • pentad:
    • renal insuff
    • hemolysis
    • thrombocytopenia
    • fever
    • neuro signs
39
Q

HUS

  • how happen in kids
  • what see
A
  • kids: E coli O157H7
  • triad
    • renal insuff
    • hemolysis
    • thrombocytopenia
40
Q

Bernard Soulier synd

  • whats wrong
  • labs
A
  • defect in gp1b = plts cant bind to collagen –> defect in plt plug formation
  • nml plt ct, incr bleeding time
41
Q

Glanzman thrombastenia

  • whats srong
  • labs
A
  • defect in gp2b/3a = decr aggertation
  • nml plt ct, incr bleeding time
42
Q

vWd

  • waht wrong
  • labs
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • defect vWf
  • incr PTT and bleeding time
  • dx:
    • vWf level
    • F8 deficiency
    • ristocetin cofactor assay = no agglutination
  • tx: DDAVP
43
Q

DIC

  • whats wrong
  • labs
  • present
  • causes
A
  • widespread activation of clotting –> consume factors and plts
  • labs
    • decr plt
    • incr bleeding time
    • inct ptt, pt
    • decr fibrinogen
    • incr d-dimer
    • shistocytes
  • presnet as bleeding and multiorgan fialure
  • cuases
    • “STOP Making Thrombi
    • sepsis
    • trauma
    • Ob complications
    • pancreatitis
    • malig
    • transfusion

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