4/5 star topics DIT 2 Flashcards
koilocytes
condyloma accumulata
symp gonorrhea:
- F
- M
F
- cervicitis
- urethritis
- PID
M
- urethritis
- mucupurulent discharge
- epididimytis
- disseminated - arth
chlamydia
- f
- m
f
- cervicitis
- urethritis
- PID
M
- urethritis
- epiditymitis
- prostatitis
- conjunctivitis
- reiters synd
pauluss genital ulser (bubos) –> painful inguinal LAD
lymphogranuloma vererum
- chlamydia L1-L3
painful genital ulcers w erethymatous base
HSV
painful ulcer adn LAD
school of fish
chancroid by H ducreai
painless ulcer –> condyloma lata
syphilis
hardy weinbery eqns
p + q = 1
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
what are the dx symp of major depressive disorder
D SIG E CAPS
- depressed mood
- sleep alteration
- interest lack
- guilt
- ene less
- conc less
- appetite change
- psychomotor retardation
- suicide
2wk duration! 5 of these!
Potter sequence
- cause
- s/s
- oligohydramnios
- Pulm hypoplasia
- Oligohydramnios
- Twisted face
- Twisted skin (wrinkles)
- Ext deformities
- Rrenal agenesis
Howseshoe kidney
- cause
- what happens
- assoc w
- fusion of inf poles of kidney
- stuck on IMA
- turners
age:
- roll over
- hands together
- laugh and squeal
3mo
age
- sit up
- transfer a cube from 1 hand to another
- single syllables
- self-feed
6mo
age
- crawl
- object perminence
- stranger anxiety beginning
9mo
age
- stand, walk
- block into a cup
- 1-3 words
- drink from cup
- starting to have separation anxiety
1yr
age
- walk bkwd, run
- build 2 cube tower
- 6 words
- use fork and spoon
15mo
age
- climb stairs, kick balls
- 4 cube tower
- combine words
- brush teeth with help
18mo
age
- jump up
- 6 cube tower
- half understandable
- wash/dr hands
- form gender identity and potty traineinng
2yo
age
- jump fwd, ride tricycle
- copy a ciccle
- undestandable
- pour cereal, brush teeth, dress, play board games
3yo
age
- hop 1 foot
- copy a plus sign, draw stick figure
- button clothes, magival thinking
4yo
age
- tie choes
- copy square and triangle
- identify colors, coins, count to 5
5yo
age
- logicla thinking (censequnces)
6yo
calculating apgar score:
Appearance
pulse
grimace
activity
respirations
describe the pathway from phenalalanine to epi and which enzs for diseases
PKU:
- d/t
- build up of
- s/s
- tx
- what if preg mom who ignores their PKU
- def in phenylalanine hydroxylase or def in BH4
- bld up of phenylketones:
- phenly-aceate
- phenyl-lactate
- phenyl-pyruvate
- ss:
- grth retard
- MR
- fair skin
- eczema
- musty body odor
- tx
- avoid phenylalanine (aspartamine, diary, meat, fish, chich=ken, eggs, beans, nuts)
- add tyrosine to diet
- add BH4 to diet
- if mom ignore, then bby will have microcephaly, MR, grth retard, heart defects
vit D
- 2 enzs req
- mechanisms for deficiency
- s/s defciency
- tx for deficeincy
- s/s tox
- 25-hydroxylase and 1 alpha hydroxylase
- 4:
- decreased vit d in diet
- decrease25-hydroxylase
- decrease 1 alpha hydroxylase
- end organ insensitivity to vit d
- rickets and osteomalacia: bone breakdown/tender, tooth probs
- tx: vit d lol
- tox:
- incr Ca = stones, bones, groans, psych overtones
- sarcoid = mfs increase pathway
vit K
- use
- how synth
- neoborns>
- what causes def
- post translational modification protein C, S, CF 1972
- synth by intestinal flora
- newborns sterile gut so give 1 IM injection
- def via warfarin, phenytoin, antibiotics (wipe out flora)
vit A
- uses
- preg?
- ss deficiency
- ss tox
- acne, measels, AML (M3 type)
- not use in preg!
- def:
- night blind
- xeropthalmia
- keratomalacia (wrinkle/cloud cornea)
- bitot spots - dry plaques on bulbar conjunctiva
- tox
- HA
- n/v
- stupor
- incr ICP
- dry puritic skin
- hepatomegaly
- bone joint pain
- alopecia
vit E
- aka
- what it does
- def ss
- alpha-tocopherol
- antioxidant
- def
- hemolytic anemia
- spinocerebellar degen = ataxia
- periperal neuropathy
- peox m weak
vit C
- aka
- fct
- ss def
- ascorbic acid
- fcts
- hydroxylation prolyly and lysys residues on collagen
- DA b-carboxylase req it
- antioxidant
- facilitate iron transport in gut
- def ss: scurvy!
- sore spongy gums
- loose teeth
- fragile bvs
- swollen joints
- hemarthrosis
- impaired wound healing
- anemia
draw out the steroid synth pathway and what are the features of eafh CAH
s/s cushing synd
- striae
- truncal obesity
- moon face
- acne
- bufalo hump
- easy bruise
- peptic ulcer
- glaucoma
- DM
- osteoporosis
- immune suppression
- psychosos/insomnia
- thin skin
- HTN
- necrosis femoral head
tumor locations in:
- MEN1
- MEN2A
- MEN2B
- MEN1
- parathyroid adenoma
- pituitary adenoma
- panc tumor
- gastrinoma
- insulinoma
- glucaconoma
- VIPoma
- MEN2A
- medullary thyroid CA
- pheo
- parathyroid hyperplasia
- MEN2B
- medullary thyroid CA
- pheo
- ganglion neuromatosis (mucosal neuroma)
DKA
- path
- induced by
- clinical present
- complications
- tx
- path
- in T1DM
- insulin def = body think starving so make ketones and glucagon
- induced by
- undx DM
- missed insulin
- trauma drugs/alch
- present
- polyuria, polydipsia, wt loss
- dehyd
- abd pain, n/v.
- confusion, delirium
- sweet breath
- kusmals sign
- metabolic acidosis
- hyper glycemia (250)
- serum and urine ketones
- incr serum K but low total body K
- complications
- arrythmia (bc incr K and decr Mg
- invasife fungus (mucor)
- tx
- ICU
- fluids
- insulin (mainly to inhib lipolysis)
- K
- Mg
- monitor anion gap
HHS
- path
- present
- tx
- path
- have some insulin on board.. no ketoacidisos
- extreme hyperglucemia (800)
- and incr serum osm
- present
- confusion, delerium, coma
- dehyd
- n/v abd pain
- tx
- fluids
- insulin
- K
- (noanion gap: monitor glucose)
warfarin
- moa
- uses
- preg?
- what happens first
- reversal
- moa
- inhibs epoxide reductase (which is responsible tof recycling vitK)
- uses: chrronic anticoag:
- afib
- DVT prophylaxis
- DVT tx
- PE tx
- preg? NO!!
- bone and cartilage probs in epephyses; nasal hypoplasia
- what happens first
- transient hypercoag bc 1st efect is to elim protein C and S
- reversal
- oral/IV vit K; PCC; FFP
Immune thrombocytopenia:
- whats wrong
- labs
- tx
- antibodies to gp2b/3a on plt surface
- decr plt ct
- steroids, IVIG, splenectomy
TTP
- what wrong
- present as
- excessive plt activation –> widespread thrombosis
- pentad:
- renal insuff
- hemolysis
- thrombocytopenia
- fever
- neuro signs
HUS
- how happen in kids
- what see
- kids: E coli O157H7
- triad
- renal insuff
- hemolysis
- thrombocytopenia
Bernard Soulier synd
- whats wrong
- labs
- defect in gp1b = plts cant bind to collagen –> defect in plt plug formation
- nml plt ct, incr bleeding time
Glanzman thrombastenia
- whats srong
- labs
- defect in gp2b/3a = decr aggertation
- nml plt ct, incr bleeding time
vWd
- waht wrong
- labs
- dx
- tx
- defect vWf
- incr PTT and bleeding time
- dx:
- vWf level
- F8 deficiency
- ristocetin cofactor assay = no agglutination
- tx: DDAVP
DIC
- whats wrong
- labs
- present
- causes
- widespread activation of clotting –> consume factors and plts
- labs
- decr plt
- incr bleeding time
- inct ptt, pt
- decr fibrinogen
- incr d-dimer
- shistocytes
- presnet as bleeding and multiorgan fialure
- cuases
- “STOP Making Thrombi
- sepsis
- trauma
- Ob complications
- pancreatitis
- malig
- transfusion