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4/5 star topics DIT Flashcards

1
Q

RA

  1. charas of joint
  2. abs
  3. presentation
  4. tx acute
  5. tx long-term
  6. joints: hand, wirst, elbow, knee, post knee, ankle/forefoot/subtalar, upper cervical
A
  1. synovium overgrows bone (pannus), rheum nodules,
  2. RF (IgM agains IgG), anti-citrinulated protein ab
  3. morning stiffness, imporve w use, symm, symmetric, systemic (fever, fatigue, pleural effusion, pericarditis)
  4. acute: NSAIDs, COX2 inhib, steroids
  5. long: DMARDs: MTX, hydrdroxychoroquine, sulfasalazineTNFa inhibs (enteracept, infilximab, adalumumab, golinumab, certulizumab
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2
Q

components fo tetralogy of fallot

A
  1. RV outflow tract obs (pulm stenosis)
  2. RV hpertrophy
  3. VSD
  4. overriding aorta

**looks like boot shaped <3**

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3
Q

chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

  • how aries
  • tx
A
  • t cell dysf
  • ketoconazole
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4
Q

chediak higashi synd

  • pathogenesis
  • s/s
A
  • defectice LYST gene –> defective phagocyte lysosomes –> giant cytoplasmic granules in PMNs
  • triad: (PAIN)
    • partial abinism
    • recurrent respiratory tract and skin infxns
    • neuro disorders
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5
Q

aortic regurg

  1. location
  2. systolic or diastolic
  3. assoc w:
  4. d/t:
  5. pic
A
  1. L sternum
  2. diastolic
  3. wide pulse pressure (water-hammer pulse - bounding peripheral); head bob
  4. aortic root dialtion (syphilis, marfans), BAV, RF
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6
Q

diffs btwn scc, bcc, melanoma of skin

A

squamous:

  • sun exposed
  • scaly plaque, ulcerative red lesion
  • keratin pearls

basal:

  • sun exp
  • roleld edge
  • central nuc
  • pearly
  • telangiectasias
  • palasadig nuclei

melanoma:

  • s-100 marker
  • depth ~ mets
  • Asymm, Border, Color, Diameter
  • melanocytes in epidermis
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7
Q
  • neurotoxin:
    • what?
    • which prod?
  • enterotoxin:
    • what?
    • which prod?
  • super antigens:
    • what?
    • which prod?
A
  • neurotoxin:
    • interfere w neural transmission
    • botulinim, tetanus
  • enterotoxin:
    • affect intestines
    • shigella, cholera
  • super antigens:
    • simult bind MHC2 and t cell receptor –> t cell expansinon –>cytokines
    • staph a and strep pyogenes
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8
Q
  • label Vmax, 1/2Vmax, Km, and the velocities on a MM graph
  • label x and y int on L-B plot
  • how do these change with competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors
A

pgs 136-& DIT

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9
Q

label the parts of the pressure-volume loop for the <3 and how does incraesed preload, afterload, and contractility affect it

A
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10
Q

selective immunoglobulin deficiencies - IgA deficinecy

  • s/s
A
  • appear healthy, but sinus and lung infxns, atopy, asthma, anaphylaxis to blood trnsfusions and blood prods
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11
Q

delirium vs dementia:

  • onset
  • daily course
  • level of consciousness
  • thought production
  • psychotic features
  • prognosis
A
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12
Q

label the circle of willis and the the fuctions that the aca, mca and pca supply

A

pg 38 dit

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13
Q

what are the m’s that compose the rotator cuff and what are their fcts

A
  1. supraspinatus - initial 15deg abd shoulder
  2. infraspinatus - ext rotation
  3. teres minor - ext rotation
  4. subscapularis - inernal rotation
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14
Q

hemispatial neglect synd

A

=parietal cortex lesion of nondominant gyrus

–> results in neglect of body or surroundings c/l to lesion

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15
Q

DiGeorge Synd

  • how arise?
  • s/s:
  • genetics
A
  • no 3/4 pharyngeal pouch
    • no thymus –> no mature t cells
    • no parathyroids –> decr PTH –> hypocalcemia, tetany
  • ss
    • viral, fungal, protozoal infxns
    • heart, great vessel defect
  • 22q11 deletion
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16
Q

hyper IgE synd (Job)

  • pathogenesis
  • s/s
A
  • mutation STAT3 –> impaired Th17 diff and recruitment of nfs; also high legesl IgE and eos
  • triad
    • czema
    • cold staph a abcess
    • course facial features: broad nose, prominent forehead, deep eyes, doughy skin
    • (also 2 rows teeth)
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17
Q

what structures come from neural crest cells?

A

MAGIC COPS -melanocytes -aorticopulmonary septum -ganglia: autonomic, dorsal root, enteric (PNS!) -iris stroma -chromaffin cells -CNs -odontoblasts and ossicles -parafollicular (C) cells -sclerae

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18
Q

mitral stenosis

  1. location
  2. systolic or diastolic
  3. what you hear
  4. heard best when
  5. d/t:
  6. pic
A
  1. apex
  2. diastolic
  3. opening snap
  4. L lat decubitus; expiration
  5. RHD ==> scarring
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19
Q

Gerstmann synd

A

= a parietal cortex lesion of the dominant angualr gyrus resulting in:

  • agraphia
  • acalculia
  • R-L disorientatio
  • finger agnosia
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20
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

  1. systolic or diastolic
  2. what sound like
A
  1. diastolic
  2. machine like
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21
Q

what drugs increase contractility

A

chatecholammies (B1 agonists)

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

VSD

  1. systolic or diastolic
  2. who has?
A
  1. systolic
  2. newborns
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24
Q

Kleinfelter synd

  • genes
  • presnet
  • hormones
A
  • 47 XXY
  • testiculr atrophy –> decr T, less musc body, less facial hair, broad hips, tall, long ext, gynecomastia, F hair distrib, reduced fertility
  • decr inhibin, incr FSH
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25
Q

T4HST

  • how work
  • –>
  • ex:
A
  • t cells bind ag –> release cytokines
  • activate mfs –> tissue damage
  • ex:
    • PPD
    • hashimotos thyroiditis
    • MS
    • GVHD
    • contact dermatitis
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26
Q

how are male repro structures formed? female?

A

male:

  • mesonephric duct forms everything except prostate
  • SRY in y chromo –> testis determinig factor
  • Sertoli cells –> mullerian inhibiting factor
  • leydig cells –> T (which encourages Wolff to stick around) –> DHT (which induces UG sinus and genital tubercle to become male

female:

  • Paramesonephric (mullerian) duct –> fallopian tubes, uterus, upper vag
  • UG sinus –> sinovag bulbs –> lower vag
  • dev issue: vaginal atresia
  • if not fuse = bicornate uterus –> infertile and misscarriage
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27
Q

PCOS

  • hormone abns
  • s/s to dx:
  • other assoc symp
  • tx
A
  • increased LH, androgens, insulin, estrone; decresed SHBG
  • oligoovulaiton, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries
  • obesity, insulin reisstance, infertility, endometrial hyperplasia
  • diet/exercise, OCPs, cyclic progestins, spironolactone, metformin, clomiphene (blocks E receptors in hypo –> incr FSH and LH –> ovulation
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28
Q

what are the starling forces and how does edema result

A
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29
Q

mycoplasma pneumoniae

  • transmission
  • who gets it
  • symp
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • resp
  • school age, college, military
  • malaise, HA, low fever, nonproductive cough, diffuse interstitial infiltrates, patchy reticular xray
  • cold agglutins
  • macrolides, deoxycycline, flouroquinloones
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30
Q

T2HST

  • how work
  • causes what kind of damage?
  • exs
A
  • ab against cellular ags
  • via compliment, mf phago, NK destruction
  • Exs
    • AI hemoytic anemia,
    • acute hemolytic transfusion rxn
    • erythroblastosis fetalis
    • immune thrombocytopenia
    • pernicious anemia
    • MG
    • guillan barre
    • graves dis
    • phemphigus vulgaris
    • bullous phemphigoid
    • goodpasture
    • acute RF
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31
Q

Bruton agammaglobulinemia

  • transmission
  • pathogenesis
  • s/s
A
  • x linked
  • b cell def –> defective TK gene = low levels all Ig’s
  • recurrent bac infxns after 3-6 mos
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32
Q

genital homologues

  • glans penis
  • corpus callosum and spongiosum
  • bulbourethral glands
  • prostate gland
  • ventral shaft
  • scrotum
A
  • glans penis - glans clitoris
  • corpus callosum and spongiosum - vestibular bulb
  • bulbourethral glands - greater vestibular gland
  • prostate gland - urethral and paraurethral glands
  • ventral shaft - labia minora
  • scrotum - labia majora
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33
Q

describe the process of collagen synthesis

A

preprocollagen a-chains (gly and pro) –> hydroxylation of lys and pro (req vitc) –> glycosylation of the hydroxlated lys = procollagen (triple helix) –> exocytosis –> cleave ternial regions procollagen = tropocollagen) –> crosslink tropocollagen

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34
Q

Gout

  1. aka
  2. joint aspiration results:
  3. causes
  4. presentation
  5. precipating factors:
  6. assoc w serum uric acid levels
A
  1. monosodium urate crystal deposition dis
  2. needle-shaped crystals, - birefringence
  3. decreased excretion of uric acid: thiazide or loop diuretic; incerased prod of uric acid: purine-rich foods, lesch-nyhan synd, tx for leukemia or lymphoma
  4. asymmetric joint inflammation, inflammation of the 1st mtp (podagra), tophi
  5. dietary excess, alch consumption
  6. not necessarily predict gout
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35
Q

leukocyte adhesion deficiency synd

  • pathogeneis
  • s/s
A
  • abn integinrs –> inability of phagocytes to exit circ
  • delayed separation of umbilical cord
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36
Q

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

  • pathogenesis
  • s/s
A
  • deceft in early stem cell: adenosine deaminase def
  • triad:
    • receurrent infxns
      • mucocutaneous candida
      • RSV, VZV, HSV, measels, flu, parainfluenza
      • PCP
    • chronic drh
    • failure to thirve
  • also no thymic shadow
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37
Q
  • how does increase in afterload affect SV?
  • how does increase preload affect SV?
A
  • decrease SV
  • increase SV
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38
Q

describe the effects competitive and noncompetitive antagonists have on effecacy and potency

A

competitive drugs: decrease potency

noncompetitve drugs: decrease efficacy

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39
Q

symp of lateral medullary synd (Wallenberg synd)

A
  • loss c/l p/t (spinothalamic)
  • loss i/l temp in face (spinal trigeminal nuc)
  • hoarseness, difficults swallowing, loss gag (nuc ambiguus: CN9, 10)
  • i/l horners (descending sympathetic)
  • vertigo, nystagmus, n/v (vestibulat nuc)***
  • i/l cerebellar defects (ataxia) (inf cerebellat peduncle)
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40
Q

Lymphatic drainage to which LN:

  • arm/lateral breast
  • posterior calf, dorsolateralfoot
  • thigh
  • stomach, upper duidenum
  • lower duodenum, jejunu, ileum, proximal 2/3 colon
  • distal 1/3 colon, upper rectum
  • lower rectum (above pectinate line)
  • anal canal (below pectinate line)
  • testes, ovaries, uterus, kidneys
  • scrotum, vulva
A
  • arm/lateral breast –> axillary
  • posterior calf, dorsolateralfoot –>popliteal
  • thigh –>superficial inguinal
  • stomach, upper duidenum –> celiac
  • lower duodenum, jejunu, ileum, proximal 2/3 colon –> superior mesenteric
  • distal 1/3 colon, upper rectum –>inferior mesenteric
  • lower rectum (above pectinate line) –>internal iliac
  • anal canal (below pectinate line) –> superficial inguinal
  • testes, ovaries, uterus, kidneys –> paraaortic
  • scrotum, vulva –> superfiical inguinal
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41
Q

wiskott aldrich synd

  • gnetic transmission
  • pahtogenesis
  • s/s
A
  • x linked
  • low IgM, high IgA
  • immunideficiency, thrombocytopenia dn purpura, eczema, receurrent pyogenic infxns (WAITER)
42
Q

label the parts of an ab and the main fcts of :

  • IgG
  • IgA
  • IgE
  • IgM
  • IgD
A
  • IgG - mian circulating; fix comp; cross placenta; opsonizes bac; neutralizes toxins
  • IgA - secreted by MALT; monomer in circ, dimer in secreted; secretory component to protect form environ
  • IgE - immunity to parasites by activating eos; bine to mast cells and basos
  • IgM - monomer on B cells; pentamer in circ; primary immune resp
  • IgD - mostly on surface b cells, some in circ
43
Q

chronic granulomatous dis

  • genetic transmission
  • pathogenesis
  • susceptable to
  • tx
A
  • s linked
  • lack NADPH oxidase –> phagocytes cannot destroy catalase+ microbes
  • esp susceptable to stapha and aspergillus
  • prophylactic TMP-SMXand itraconazole, and IFNy
44
Q

MVP

  1. systolic or diastolic
  2. chara
  3. how valsalva affect
A
  1. systolic
  2. midsystolic click
  3. click earlier and softer
45
Q

ataxia telangiectasia

  • pathogenesis
  • s.s
  • incr risk of
  • labs
  • die
A
  • IgA deficiency and t cell deficiency
  • sinus and lung infections, atasia, poor moving eyes on target, telangetasias on face (+5yo), radiation insensativity,
  • risk of lymphoma, leukemia
  • incr AFP
  • die b4 25yo
46
Q

T1HST

  • how work
  • –>
  • ex
A
  • free ag binds IgE on mast cells and basos
  • –> elease preformed granules of HST and bradykinin –> vasodilate, incr vasc permeability = wheel and flare urticaria
  • Ex: anaphylaxis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema
47
Q

osteoporosis:

  1. how dx
  2. assoc
  3. tx
A
  1. dexa scan
  2. colles fx, vertebral compression fx
  3. stop smoking/steroids/increase wt bearing; Ca/vitD supplement; bisphosphonates; estrogen; SERMs; teriparatide; denosumab
48
Q

draw out the arachidonic acid pathway including the drugs that inhib certain enzs

A

(pg 16 DIT)

49
Q

Turner synd

  • genes
  • present
  • conseq
  • hormones
A
  • 45xo
  • short, broad chest, low hair/ears, web neck, streak ovaries
  • amenorrhea/infertile, BAV, coarc aorta
  • decr estrogen, incr FSH/LH
50
Q

IL-12 receptor deficiancy

  • how arise
  • s/s
A
  • no Th1
  • mycobacterial and fungal infxns
52
Q

mitral regurg

  1. systolic or diastolic
  2. describe it
  3. radiate? heard when
  4. causes
  5. pic
A
  1. systolic
  2. high pitched, blowing
  3. to axilla; heard when L lat recumbent, squat, hand grip
  4. RHD, endocarditis, ischemic heart dis, LV dilation, MVP
53
Q

what decreases contractility?

A
  • B1 blockade
  • HF
  • acidosis
  • hypoxemia
  • hypercapnea
  • NDP CBB
54
Q

T3HST

  • how work
  • –> what causes the damage
A
  • ab against soluable ags in free blood
  • ag-ab complexes in tissues –> activate compliment and recruit nfs
  • ex
    • SLE
    • RA
    • PAN
    • PSGN
    • serum sickness
    • arthus rxn
55
Q

tricuspid regurg

  1. systolic or diastolic
  2. louder w
  3. causes
  4. pic
A
  1. systolic
  2. inspiration
  3. RHD, endocarditis (drug user)
56
Q

describe the signal transmission pathwways for GPCRs and TKs

A

pg 133 DIT

57
Q

hyper-IgM synd

  • pathogenesis
  • genetic transmission
    *
A
  • incr IgM, others decr
  • AR –> no CD40 on B cells
  • X linked –> no CD40 ligand on Th (MC)
58
Q

Vd =

CL =

LD =

MD =

A

pg 138 DIT

59
Q

cause and symp of Weber synd

A

cause: anterior midbrian infarction from occlusion of paramedian branches PCA
- cerebral a peduncle lesion: dysphagia, dystonia, dysarthria (corticobulbar tract damage); c/l spastic hemiparesis (corticospinal tract damage)
- CN3palsy = i/l ptosis, pupillary dilation, lateral strabismus(down and out)

60
Q

how does exercise effect CO?

A

increase CO

61
Q

T4HST

  • jpw
62
Q

aortic stenosis

  1. systolic or diastolic
  2. chara
  3. radiate
  4. symp
  5. cause
A
  1. systolic
  2. creascendo decrescendo
  3. to carotids
  4. weak, delayed peripheral pulses, syncope, angina, dyspnea,
  5. BAV, senile calcification, RHD, UBV, tertiary syphilis
63
Q

label the arteries coming off the abdominal aorta

65
Q

label on this ct:

  • vert
  • kidney
  • bowel
66
Q

label on this ct:

  • fat
  • liver
  • GB
  • panc
  • stomach
  • spleen
  • kidney
  • IVC
  • aorta
67
Q

Celiac

  • pathogenesis
  • antbs
  • histo
  • s/s
  • immuno:
  • risk of:
  • in what part GI
A
  • AI to gliadin: wheat react w SI –> inflamm
  • abs to glaidin and TTG
  • histo: blunted villi and microvilli
  • see foul, pale stools, stunt grth, fail thrive
  • HLADq2 and 8
  • risk t cell lymphoma, GI CA,breast CA
  • in prox SI
68
Q

Chrons dis:

  • through what
  • where
  • pathogenesis
  • dx
  • GI probs
  • systemic probs
  • tx
A
  • tranmural
  • everywhere;skip; usu terminal ileum; spare rectum
  • reaction w GI flora
  • barium swallow: string sign; histo: noncaseating granulomas
  • strictures, drh, malabs, wt loss, colon CA, fissures, fistulas
  • arth, joint dis,immuno, erythema nodosum
  • 5-ASA (mesalamine, sulfasalazine), azithropine/mercaptopurine/MTX, anti-TNF, steroids
69
Q

Ucerative colitis

  • where
  • through
  • pathogenesis
  • dx
  • GI probs
  • systemic probs
  • tx
A
  • only colon, distal –> prox, continuous, retum alays
  • mucosa and submucosa
  • AI
  • lead pipe; crypt abcess, ulcerations, bleed
  • bloody drh, malnutrition, rly increased colon CA
  • PSC, pyoderma gangrenosum, sacroilitis, uveitis
  • 5-ASA, 5-mercaptopurine, infliximab, TNF-a inhib, colectomy
70
Q

V/q:

  • in apex
  • in base
  • when will ration be zero
  • when will ratio be infinity
A
  • +1
  • -1
  • low ventilation, high perfusion
    • airway obstruction:
      • pnemonia
      • pulm edema
      • lumg CA
    • supp O2 not do much
  • high ventilation, low perfusion
    • blood flow obstruction of phys dead space
    • supp O2 effective
71
Q

Coal workers pheumoconiosis

  • Anthracosis
  • simple:
  • complicated
A
  • Anthracosis: blackpigment in lung
  • simple: small fibrotic lung nodules in upper lung
  • complicated: progressive massive fibrosis
72
Q

Silicosis

  • what field?
  • where
  • buzzword
  • result
  • increase risk of
A
  • mining, sandblast, construction, demolition, foundry, etc
  • calcified nodules in upper lung
  • eggshell calcifications near hilar nodes
  • result in fibrosis
  • incr susceptability to TB and lung CA
73
Q

Asbestosis

  • what feild
  • pathology
  • histology
  • CXR
  • increase risk of
    • esp if…
A
  • shipyard, roofing, pipe fitting, plumbing
  • fibers directly toxic to lung and mf release inflamm
  • histology: ferruginous bodies: coated w iron: dumbbelsls.. seen w prussian blue
  • CXR: pleural plaques and effusions and fibrosis
  • increase risk of
    • laryngeal CA
    • malig mesothelioma
    • lung CA (adeno and SCC)
      • esp if. smoke
74
Q

Berylliosis

  • what field
  • histo
  • incr risk of
A
  • high tech electronics
  • noncaseating granulomas
  • incr risk of lung CA
75
Q

Sarcoid

  • word vomit…
A
  • ACE enz increase
  • gammaglobulinemia
  • RF
  • Uveitis
  • erythemo nodosum
  • LAD (b/l hilar)
  • idiopathic
  • noncaseating granulomas
  • vit D incr
  • ts: corticosteroids
76
Q

adenocarcinoma of lung

  • where
  • RFs (genes too)
A
  • peripheral
  • smoking, MET, ALK, RET, KRAS, EGFR, ROS (MARKER)
77
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

  • where
  • RF
  • histology
  • assoc
A
  • central
  • smoking
  • keratin pearls
  • secrete PTH-rP –> hypercalcemia
78
Q

Large cell carcinoma of the lung

  • where
  • RF
  • histo
  • prog
A
  • peripheral
  • smoking
  • anaplastic and undifferentiated, giant cells w various pleomorphisms
  • poor
79
Q

Small cell carcinoma

  • histo
  • RF
  • where
  • assoc w
  • genes
  • prog
A
  • high nuc:cyto
  • smoking
  • central
  • hormone secretion:
    • ACTH –> cushing
    • ADH –> SIADH
    • LE = antb’s against presynaptic Ca channels
  • TP53, rb, myc oncogenes
  • poor
80
Q

carcinoid tumor

  • secretes
  • –> location
A
  • seratonin –> carcinoid synd (only if out of GI) (bronchospasm, flushing, drh, R sided murmur)
  • lung, GI, appendix
81
Q

pancoast tumor

  • ocation
  • cuases –>
A
  • apex
  • horner synd (ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis), compress recurrent laryngeal n –> hoarseness
82
Q

meothelioma

  • location
  • RF
  • prog
A
  • pleura
  • asbestos (NOT SMOKING)
  • poor prog
83
Q

Takayso vasculitis

A
  • granuloma inflammation of aortic branches = head and arms
  • decreased pulses in arms
  • young asain F
  • elevated ESR
84
Q

Giant cell vasculitits

A
  • temporal
  • inflamm of external carotid branches
  • old F
  • u/l HA, jaw claudication
  • occlude opthalmic a –> vision loss
  • elevated ESR
  • palpable, temporal a and m wasting
  • assoc w polymyalgia rheumatica
  • dx: temporal a bx
  • tx: steroids
85
Q

Kawasaki vasculitis

A
  • kids
  • E asian
  • 5 days fever AND 4 of:
    • conjunctivitis
    • trunk rash
    • adenopathy
    • strawberry tongue
    • hand and feet desquamation
    • CRASH and Burn
  • potential coronary a aneurysms - rupture, thrombosis
  • tx: IVIG and ASA
86
Q

Thromboangitis Obliterans

A
  • beurger dis
  • smoker
  • intermittentl claudication
  • superficial nodular phlebitis
  • cold sensativity
87
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa

A
  • kidneys
  • skin
  • GI
  • heart
  • assoc hep B and C
  • tx: steroids and cyclosporine
88
Q

Henoch Scholen Purpura

A
  • IgA vasculitis
  • kids
  • recent resp infection
  • palpable purpura LE
  • arthralgias
  • abd pain
  • renal dis
89
Q

Eosinophilic granulomoatosis w polyangitis

A
  • churg strauss
  • assoc asthma
  • ainusitis
  • skin lesions
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • p anca (MPO)
90
Q

Microscopic polyangitis

A
  • lungs
  • p anca
91
Q

Granulomatosis w polyangitis

A
  • =wegners
  • facial necrotizing vasculitis
  • granulomas in lungs and upper airway
  • saddle nose
  • c-anca
  • tx: cyclosporine and corticosteroids
92
Q

eqns:

  • sensitivity:
  • specificity:
  • PPV:
  • NPV:
  • OR:
  • RR:
  • ARR:
  • NNT:
A
  • sensitivity: a / (a+c) OR 1-FN
  • specificity: d / (b+d) OR 1-FP
  • PPV: a / (a+b)
  • NPV: d / (c+d)
  • OR: AD / CB
  • RR: (A / (A+B)) / (C / C+D))
  • ARR: (C / C+D)) - (A / (A+B))
  • NNT: 1/ARR
93
Q

standard deviations:

A
  • 1: 68%
  • 2: 95%
  • 3: 99.7%
94
Q

Confidence interval eqn

A

CI = mean - Z(SEM) to mean + Z(SEM)

  • Z for 90% CI: 1.645
  • Z for 95% CI: 2
  • Z for 99% CI: 2.57

to calc SEM: st dev / sq root(sample size)

95
Q

+ and - skew:

  • tail:
  • mean median mode rela
A

+ skew:

  • tail R
  • mean > median > mode
  • skew:
  • tail L
  • mode > median > mean
96
Q

What is the diff btwn T1 and T2 error

A

T1 (alpha) = refects null but there is no assoc

T2 (beta) = null is accepted, but really there is an assoc

97
Q

what is power?

A

1-B

the probability that a test will reject the null

98
Q

CSF findings in meningitis of bac, TB/fungal, and viral

  • opening pressure
  • WBC ct
  • cell type you see
  • protein
  • glucose
  • gs
99
Q

UTI

  • Cyctitis
    • s/s
    • UA findings
  • Pyelonephritis
    • s/s
    • UA findings
  • cuases
A
  • Cyctitis
    • sys
      • dysuria
      • freq
      • ugency
      • suprapubic pain
      • hematuria
    • UA findings
      • bac
      • WBC/RBC
      • leukocyte esterase
      • nitrite
  • Pyelonephritis
    • s/s
      • cyctitis +
      • fever/chills
      • n/v
      • flank pain/CVAT
    • UA findings
      • cyctits +
      • WBC casts
  • cuases
    • e coli
    • proteus
    • klebsiella
    • enterobacter
    • staph saphrociitisu
    • serratia
    • pseudomonas

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