Range of Motion Flashcards
Active ROM
Client moved own joint through ROM.
AROM can differ in different positions (ie. standing vs supine).
-changes when moving with gravity or against gravity
Resistive ROM
Client moved actively through a ROM against an opposing force
Passive ROM
Passive movement of joint through ROM without any active contraction from client.
AROM Protocol
Instruct client into desired position and demonstrate the movement of the joint through its full ROM (as far as they can go, ie. until there’s pain).
-ideally have client wear shorts and/or t-shirt to see joint clearly.
Watch the quality of movement and note any abnoramlities bilaterally.
Use goniometer to measure angles of joints.
-compared to joint ROM norms
Compare bilaterally.
RROM Protocol
Instruct client into position and show/guide joint through target ROM.
Instruct client to push against your resistance.
-let them ‘win’ during the concentric phase and instruct them to let you ‘win’ during the eccentric phase of the movement.
Note any abnormalities in movement and use 0-5 scale to grade joint strength/resistance.
Slide 30.
Manual Muscle Testing (MMT)
Is standardized clinical examination method used to assess muscle strength and function.
Purposes:
-evaluate muscle strength
-identify injuries or possible nerve impairment.
Similar to RROM but focuses on a specific muscle/muscle group.
-protocol is similar to RROM and uses same 0-5 scale.
-BUT, in MMT the limb is typically placed in a shortened position or middle of its ROM depending on target muscle and normally uses isometric/static resistance (‘break testing’).
Break Testing
Isometric resistance applied at a specific range of motion (either mid range or muscles shortened position).
Client holds position while clinician attempts to break the hold.
Make Testing
Also known as active resistance testing.
Make the client move you.
Same to RROM but clinician places resistance and muscle/joint moves through full ROM to see concentric and eccentric strength.
PROM Protocol
Instruct client into desired position and to relax their muscles.
Gently guide the joint through its ROM.
Use goniometer to measure angles of joints.
-compared to joint ROM norms
Compared bilaterally.
Identify joint end feel.
Normal Joint End Feels
Bone to Bone = a hard, abrupt stop when two bony surfaces come into contact.
Soft tissue approximation = a gradual, soft ending as tissues compress together.
Capsular = a firm, elastic resistance due to the joint capsule being stretched.
Abnormal Joint End Feels
Muscle spasm = a sudden, protective contraction that limits movements.
Empty = lack of normal resistance, often due to pain preventing further movement.
Spring block = an abnormal, bouncy resistance that may indicate a loose body in the joint.
