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BASIC > Random4 > Flashcards

Random4 Flashcards

1
Q

lung and lung mechanics in infancy

A

compliant chest wall. very small elastic recoil 2/2 poor intercostal muscle tone. very pliable ribs

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2
Q

why do circle systems have higher resistant?

A

valves, longer tubing, CO2 absorption

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3
Q

what volatile decreases systemic BP mainly by reducing CO?

A

halothane (minimal change to SVR)

NO leads to no change in arterial bp

the drop in BP caused by agents directly realted to decrease in SVR but CO relatively mantained

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4
Q

fast conducting nociceptive fibers

A

alpha-delta (pain, temp, touch)

other nociceptive: C fibers (unmyelinated)

differential blockade: Sympathetic People Matter

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5
Q

what does alpha-beta fibers do?

A

touch, pressure

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6
Q

side effect of dantrolene

A

elevated LFTs

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7
Q

respiratory changes of obesity

A

marked decrease in ERV (up to 60%) leading to decrease in compliance and FRC. Decrease in FRC leads to airway closure and decreased PaO2

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8
Q

amiodarone used for

A

refractory ventricular arrhythmias, sustained SVT, antiarrythmic in CHF

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9
Q

side effects of amiodarone

A

bradycardia, hypotension. risk factors patient >60, high dose

hypothyroid (20%)

rare but fatal - hyperthyroid - high output CHF

prolonged QT

hepatically metabolized. can potentiate warfarin therapy

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10
Q

how do cholinesterase inhibitors affect paralytics?

A

increase resistance to NDMB (roc)

potentiate depolarizing blockade

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11
Q

treatment of central anticholinergic syndrome

A

1-2mg physostigmine

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12
Q

what 2 neuromuscular diseases have NOT shown upregulation in ACh receptors?

A

MG and lambert-eaton

MG: antibody to Nicotinic Ach receptor

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13
Q

terbutaline’s relationship with potassium

A

shifts K intracellularly (like other B2 agonists)

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14
Q

equation of desflurane at different atm pressures

A

required dial setting = normal setting (volume %) * 760 / (ambient pressure)

dual gas blender - heated and pressurized

INVERSELY proportional to altitude

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15
Q

volatiles delivered through variable bypass vaporizer will deliver waht?

A

approx. the same MAC at higher or lower altitudes

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16
Q

how is mivacurium metabolized?

A

plasma cholinesterases (aka pseudocholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase) -> can be prolonged in deficiencies (A/K variants most common)

17
Q

what is echothiophate and what’s it relationship to succs?

A

anticholinesterase used to treat refractory glaucoma (miosis) -> inhibits pseudocholinesterase so can potentiate succs

4-6 weeks after discontinuing eye drop to return function to normal!

18
Q

treatment of acute dystonia

A

anticholinergic (#1), benzos, beta-blockers

antihistamines, dopamine receptor agonists, alpha adrenergic agonists

19
Q

primary determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption

A

heart rate

20
Q

changes in SEPs during regional cortical ischemia

A

decreased amplitude, increased latency

opiates produce minimal changes in waveforms

21
Q

change in SEPs with ketamine and etomidate

A

increased amplitude

also seem with return to normothermia after cooling and spine surgery

22
Q

TOF with paralyzed muscle

A

iNCREASED nerve stimulation

23
Q

PREsynaptic depolarization is triggered by

A

Ca+ influx ->ACh release -> open K+ channels, K efflux restores membrane potential

24
Q

POSTsynaptic depolarization is triggered by

A

ACh travels across cleft, depolarizes endplate -> opens Na channels (Na influx) which generate AP in muscle

25
Q

characteristics of substance abuse Anesthesiologists

A

half at <35, high incidence of polysubstance (35-50%), opiates use (75-90), 65% associated with academic departments

26
Q

treatment of acute bronchospasm under GA

A

beta-agonist (albuterol)

27
Q

glucagon impairs what process

A

glycolysis

hormone secreted by a-cells of pancreas in response to hypoglycemia, increased cortisol, circulating epi

  1. stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
  2. stimulates lipolysis (produces 2 substrates for gluconeogenesis)
  3. impairs glycolysis so glucose is NOT broken down to form ATP
28
Q

stimulation below level of SCI leads to uninhibited sympathetic stimulation. THis is called

A

autonomic hyperreflexia

BASIC (15 decks)

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