Random Review

Question 1

What are the manifestations of CREST scleroderma?

Answer 1

calcinosis
raynaud phenomenon
esophageal dysmotility
sclerodactyly
telangiectasias

Question 2

What is the difference between polymyositis and polymylagia rheumatica?

Answer 2

Polymyositis - increase muscle weakness, increase CK, increase aldolase, increase ANA, increase anti-Jo-1
Polymylagia rheumatica - joint pain but no muscle pain, no weakness, normal CK, normal aldolase

Question 3

MPTP exposure can cause depletion fo which neurotransmitter?

Answer 3

dopamine because MPTP->MPP, which destroys dopaminergic neurons in the substantial nigra

Question 4

What conditions are associated with a rash that involves the palms and soles?

Answer 4

we drive Kawasaki CARS with our hands and feet
Kawasaki
Coxsackie A virus
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Secondary syphilis
(also N. meningitides, but not very common)

Question 5

What nerve runs with the anterior interosseous artery?

Answer 5

anterior interosseous nerve

Question 6

What nerve runs with the posterior interosseous artery?

Answer 6

deep branch of the radial nerve

Question 7

What nerve runs with the brachial artery?

Answer 7

median n

Question 8

What is the landmark for a pudendal nerve block?

Answer 8

ischial spine

Question 9

What enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in carbohydrate digestion?

Answer 9

oligosaccharide hydrolases

Question 10

What are the clinical features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Answer 10

1. mental status changes
2. autonomic instability (tachycardia)
3. muscle rigidity
4. myoglobinuria
5. hyperpyrexia

Question 11

Describe which light reflexes would be seen in both eyes if the right optic nerve were damaged prior to the pretectal nucleus.

Answer 11

Afferent pupillary defect

• shine light in R eye -> no constriction of L or R pupil
• shine light in L eye -> both pupils constrict

Question 12

What antihypertensives are commonly used during pregnancy?

Answer 12

Hypertensive Moms Love Nifedipine

• HCTZ
• Alpha methyldopa
• Labetalol
• Nifedipine

Question 13

What is the pathogenesis of glaucoma?

Answer 13

• open angle glaucoma
• -impaired outflow of aqueous humor
• -canals of Schlemm and trabecular meshwork are plugged up
• -increased intra-ocular pressure that damages the optic nerve
• closed angle glaucoma
• -lens moves anteriorly
• -aqueous humor can’t flow from the posterior -> anterior chamber

Question 14

What are common causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Answer 14

shock
infection
toxic gas inhalation
acute pancreatitis
aspiration
heroin overdose
high concentrations of O2

Question 15

Describe which light reflexes would be seen in both eyes if the right oculomotor nerve were damaged.

Answer 15

Efferent defect

• R eye will not respond to light in either eye
• L eye will constrict when light is shown in either eye

Question 16

What is the differential diagnosis for eosinophilia?

Answer 16

CANADA-P

• collage vascular Dz
• Atopic Dz
• Neoplasm
• Addison Dz
• Drugs
• Acute interstitial nephritis
• Parasites

Question 17

What substances act on smooth muscle myosin-light-chain kinase? How do these affect BP?

Answer 17

• dihydropyridine CCB
• Epinephrine (via beta 2 receptors)
• prostaglandin E2
  All of these lower BP

Question 18

What agents are used int he treatment of Parkinson disease?

Answer 18

BALSA
Bromocriptine
Amantadine
Levodopa and carbidopa
Selegile (and tacapone and tolcapone - prevent dopamine breakdown)
Antimuscarinics (decrease tremor)

Question 19

What diseases specifically damage the anterior horn?

Answer 19

• poliomyolitis
• West Nile virus
• ALS
• Werdnig-Hoffman Dz (spinal muscular atrophy)