Peds Review

Question 1

What factors are used to calculate the Apgar score? When is it measured?

Answer 1

A - appearance
P - pulses
G - grimace
A - activity
R - respiration
measured at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth

Question 2

What is the definition of low birth weight? What complications are associated with low birth weights?

Answer 2

<2500g
- SIDS, respiratory distress, intraventricular hemorrhage, infections, necrotizing enterocolitis, persistent fetal circulation

Question 3

SIDS

Answer 3

usually occurs at 2-4 months old
usually occurs while infant is sleeping
maternal risk factors: low socioeconomic status, age <20, drugs or cigarettes during pregnancy
Infant risk factors: low birth weight, male, prematurity, prone sleeping position, prior sibling with SIDS
Preventive measures: back to sleep campaign, avoid co-sleeping and smoke exposure; breastfeeding, using a pacifier while sleeping, fan in the room are protective

Question 4

developmental milestones at 3 months

Answer 4

gross motor: roll over
fine motor: hands together
verbal/cognitive: laughing and squealing

Question 5

developmental milestones at 6 months

Answer 5

gross motor: sit up unassisted
fine motor: transfer a cube
verbal/cognitive: single syllabus
social/self-care: self-feed

Question 6

developmental milestones at 9 months

Answer 6

gross motor: crawling

verbal/cognitive: object permanence

Question 7

developmental milestones at 12 months

Answer 7

gross motor: stand, walk
fine motor: put block in cup
verbal/cognitive: 1-3 words
social/self-care: drink from cup

Question 8

developmental milestones at 15 months

Answer 8

gross motor: walk backward, run
fine motor: 2 cube tower
verbal/cognitive: 6 words
social/self-care: use fork and spoon

Question 9

developmental milestones at 18 months

Answer 9

gross motor: climb stairs and kick a ball
fine motor: 4 cube tower
verbal/cognitive: combine words
social/self-care: brush teeth with help

Question 10

developmental milestones at 2 years

Answer 10

gross motor: jump up
fine motor: 6 cube tower
verbal/cognitive: half understandble
social/self-care: wash/dry hands

Question 11

developmental milestones at 3 years

Answer 11

gross motor: jump forward and ride a tricycle
fine motor: copy a circle
verbal/cognitive: understandable
social/self-care: pour cereal, brush teeth, dress, play board games

Question 12

developmental milestones at 4 years

Answer 12

gross motor: top on one foot
fine motor: copy a plus sign and draw a stick figure
social/self-care: button clothes and magical thinking

Question 13

developmental milestones at 6 years

Answer 13

social/self-care: logical thinking (consequences)