Random Questions B Flashcards
cholecystectomy
Surgical procedure to remove gall bladder
Hemiplegia
Paralysis on half the body. Esp the face
polydipsia
Excessive thirst
polyuria
How much urine output?
Diseases associated?
Excessive urination
> 2.5 L daily
Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus
nocturia
Excessive urination at night
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal wall and covering the abdominal organs.
Osteopenia
Bone loss by Reabsorption happening faster than replacement
Disorder in which the adrenal glands don’t produce enough hormones.
Specifically, the adrenal glands produce insufficient amounts of the hormone cortisol and sometimes aldosterone, too. When the body is under stress (e.g. fighting an infection), this deficiency of cortisol can result in a life threatening crisis characterized by low blood pressure.
Addison’s disease
Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads that act as cushions at the joints.
Occurs most often at joints that perform frequent repetitive motion.
Bursitis
_____ belongs to a group of medicines called loop diuretics (also known as water pills). & is given to help treat fluid retention (edema) and swelling that is caused by congestive heart failure, liver disease, kidney disease, or other medical conditions.
Furosemide
The main types of ______ aredopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrin
catecholamines
Weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve damage, usually in the hands and feet.
A common cause of peripheral ______ is diabetes, but it can also result from injuries, infections, and exposure to toxins.
Neuropathy
Adrenergic drugs can help do the following:
increase or decrease blood pressure.
constrict or relax blood vessels.
open or close the airways leading to the lungs.
Increase
Constrict
Open
syncopal is and what causes it
Medical term for fainting
Hypotension
tachypnea
Rapid breathing
_____ is the surgical removal of part or all of a damaged organ or structure, particularly the removal of a tumor.
Resection
Sclerotherapy
Procedure in which a solution is injected into a vein, causing it to collapse, scar, and fade, remains the primary treatment for the small-vessel varicose disease of the lower extremities
Small blueish-white spots on the oral buccal mucosa opposite the second morals.
Aka koplik spots
Are associated with the disease
Rubeola aka Measles
diaphoretic
A drug that induces sweat
Heavy sweat
action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope, as a part of medical diagnosis.
Auscultation
crepitant rales
peculiar crackling sound audible with inspiration in pneumonia and other lung diseases.
Rhonchi
Wheezing
Continuous gurgling or bubbling sounds typically heard during both inhalation and exhalation.
Rales
Aka Fine Crackles
asthma, pneumonia, COPD
Cause: Overload of fluid
Opposed to Rhonci- Wheezing cause by mucus that clogs the larger bronchi
Stridor
When is it observed
high-pitched, whistling sound most often heard while taking in a breath.
an early symptom indicating the onset of a disease or illness.
Prodrome
Enanthem
A sudden eruption (rash) INSIDE of Body of the surface of a mucous membrane of the mouth or pharynx.
Exanthem
A rash on the outside of the body. Ie. The skin
pathognomonic
A sign orsymptom, specifically characteristic or indicative of a particular disease or condition.
“body image disturbance is ______ of anorexia nervosa”
________ of the skin occurswhen the skin becomes white or pale
_______ of the skin is typically used by doctors to describe findings on the skin.
Blanching
Macule
Exp.
(flat, distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 cm wide that does not involve any change in the thickness or texture of the skin)
Freckles,moles, age/sun spots
Where does the rash for rubeola begin?
The body rash typically begins on the face and travels downward.
A small, solid, raised bump on the skin that has a border with edges that are easy to see. May be red, purple, brown, or pink.
Some examples: contact dermatitis, which is caused when certain materials touch the skin and create an irritation or allergic reaction. warts, which are bumps on the skin caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) seborrheic keratosis, a condition in which skin growths develop a rough, wart-like appearance)
Papules
_______ meanshead to toe. As such, the _______ principle refers to the general pattern of development seen in the earliest years of postnatal development specifically ranging from infancy into toddlerhood. The _______ principle applies to both physical and functional development.
Cephalocaudal
Tiny round brown-purple spots due to bleeding under the skin, may be in a small area due to minor trauma or widespread due to blood-clotting disorder.
______ can have causes that aren’t due to underlying disease. Examples include bug bites, abrasion, trauma, or medication side effects.
Petechiae
Ecchymosis
Blood or bleeding under the skin due to trauma of any kind; typically black and blue at first, with color changes as healing progresses.
Aka Bruise
Is a fever associated with rubeola (measles)
Yes a high fever spiking to over 104 for several days
A pool of mostly clotted blood that forms in an organ, tissue, or body space.
A ______ is usually caused by a broken blood vessel that was damaged by surgery or an injury. It can occur anywhere in the body, including the brain.
Hematoma
Reiter’s syndrome, also known as, _____, is the classic triad of conjunctivitis, urethritis, and arthritis
reactive arthritis
conjunctivitis is….
Pinkeye
Teardrop on a rose petal” refers to the lesions found in ________ The characteristic ______ vesicle, surrounded by an erythematous halo, is described as a dewdrop on a rose petal
varicella aka chicken pox
_____ on the soft palate is characteristic of rubella infection.
Petechiae
Bacteria called group __ Streptococcus cause scarlet fever.
A
erythematous eruption is…
Simply put
Skin redness
The pharynx is red and painful, the tongue has a strawberry appearance, and is caused by streptococcus A is this illness
Scarlet fever
continuously measure and adjust the balance of (a physiological function or drugdosage).
“each patient received intravenous diazepam and pethidine, the doses being _____ according to the response”
titrated
_____ is an opioid pain-relief medicine that was once widely used in Australia for pain caused by a range of conditions. _____ is now less frequently used because newer, safer opioids are available. _____ is sometimes to used to reduce labour pain in childbirth
Meperidine (Demerol)
_____ is the most common type of kidney cancer in children. a rare kidney cancer that primarily affects children. Also known as nephroblastoma.
Wilms tumor
Oliguria
the production of abnormally small amounts of urine.
urinary output less than 400 ml per day or less than 20 ml per hour
The normal range for (this bodily fluid) specific gravity is1.005 to 1.030
Urine
GFR of ___ or higher is in the normal range. A GFR below ___ may mean kidney disease. A GFR of ___ or lower may mean kidney failure.
60, 60, 15
Azotemia
Elevated levels of nitrogen compounds in the blood.
Uremia
Urine in the blood
fluid-filled sac around a testicle, often first noticed as swelling of the scrotum.
_____ is common in newborns and usually disappears without treatment within the first year. Older men can develop ____, sometimes due to inflammation or injury.
Hydrocele
circulatory condition in which narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs.
___________ is a sign of fatty deposits and calcium building up in the walls of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Risk factors include aging, diabetes, and smoking.
Peripheral vascular disease
The most prominent features of critical limb ischemia are called_______ severe pain in the legs and feet while a person is not moving, or non-healing sores on the feet or legs. Other symptoms include: Pain or numbness in the feet. Shiny, smooth, dry skin of the legs or feet.
ischemic rest pain
Ischemia / Ischemic
Reduced blood flow
The condition (Of this disease) ______ is often partially or fully relieved by placing the extremity in a dependent position, so that perfusion is enhanced by the effects of gravity.
Ischemic rest pain
Bruit
sound, especially anabnormalone, heard through astethoscope; amurmur.
_____ describes the pain experienced by a patient with a peripheral vascular disease when oxygen demand in the leg muscles exceeds the oxygen supply. The tissue becomes hypoxic, causing cramping, weakness, and discomfort.
Claudication
arteriosclerosis obliteran is aka
Peripheral vascular disease
degenerationof the walls of thearteriescaused byaccumulatedfatty deposits andscartissue, and leading to restriction of the circulation and a risk ofthrombosis.
thefattymaterial that formsplaquesin the arteries.
Atheroma
the blockage or closing of an opening, blood vessel, or hollow organ.
“examination revealed central retinal artery ____
occlusion
Raynaud’s phenomenon may be a sign of an underlying autoimmune disorder such as scleroderma or lupus
What does it do
Who does it affect
The arterioles and capillaries constrict cutting off blood supply to fingers and toes. Also tip of nose and ears
Young woman (under 30)
In ______ (also called Raynaud’s disease), the cause isn’t known. More common and tend to be less severe than ________ Raynaud’s phenomenon
______ usually begins in females after the age of 30 while ______ begins from 15 - 30
primary Raynaud’s / secondary Raynaud’s
Secondary Raynaud’s/ Primary Raynaud’s
Acute coronary syndrome
What is it? What is happening?
How is it caused?
Any condition brought on by a sudden reduction or blockage of blood flow to the heart.
Acute coronary syndrome is most often caused by plaque rupture or clot formation in the heart’s arteries.
In a hospitalized patient on prolonged bed rest, the most likely cause of sudden onset shortness of breath and chest pain is …
pulmonary embolism
Approximately 90% of _____ result from an acute thrombus that obstructs an atherosclerotic coronary artery.
myocardial infarctions
Which test measures the body’s acid-base (ph) level?
Arterial blood gas ABG
This device delivers electric shocks to the heart to stop episodes of Ventricular Tachycardia & Ventricular Fibrillation ( a type of irregular heart rhythm “Arrhythmia”)
Used for paitents with significant Ventricular symptoms, such as Tachycardia resulting in syncope.
Automatic cardioverter-defibrillator
Orthopnea
Discomfort when breathing while lying down flat; common in people with some types of heart or lung conditions.
Thrombocytopenia might occur as a result of a bone marrow disorder such as leukemia or an immune system problem.
What is Thrombocytopenia
Low platelet level
150,000 - 450,000 platelets / microliter is normal
What is the average closure time for the anterior fontanelle?
13 - 24 months
Lesions have a “teardrop-on-a-rose-petal” appearance is characteristic of this disease
Varicella (chicken pox)
Anuria
Failure of kidneys to produce urine
a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls.
Atherosclerosis
Torticollis
Rare condition in which the neck muscles ( Sternocleidomastoid ) contract, causing the head to twist to one side.
Torticollis can be inherited and is seen soon after birth. This form may resolve without treatment.
Osgood-Schlatter disease affects whom?
What brings about this disease
S&S
Treatment
Adolescentes
Actividades that requiere repeated use of the quadriceps, track and soccer
S&S painful lump below the kneecap.
Treatment: almost always go away on its own once the child stops growing
Resting the knee and decreasing activity when symptoms develop.
Putting ice over the painful area 2 to 4 times a day, and after activities.
Greek “orthos”
Straight or erect.
_____ is similar to a hemorrhage, but a hemorrhage refers to ongoing bleeding while the blood in a _____ has typically already clotted.
hematoma / hematoma
Macules
Vs
Papules
Macules
Flat, discolored lighter, darker, pink, or red.
moles, freckles, and vitiligo lesions.
Papules
Raised, solid bumps that can be felt or palpated. Flesh-colored / Pearly Papules can be solitary or multiple.
