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NCLEX: Mix > Random Questions B > Flashcards

Random Questions B Flashcards

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1
Q

cholecystectomy

A

Surgical procedure to remove gall bladder

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2
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis on half the body. Esp the face

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3
Q

polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

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4
Q

polyuria

How much urine output?

Diseases associated?

A

Excessive urination

> 2.5 L daily

Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus

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5
Q

nocturia

A

Excessive urination at night

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6
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal wall and covering the abdominal organs.

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7
Q

Osteopenia

A

Bone loss by Reabsorption happening faster than replacement

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8
Q

Disorder in which the adrenal glands don’t produce enough hormones.

Specifically, the adrenal glands produce insufficient amounts of the hormone cortisol and sometimes aldosterone, too. When the body is under stress (e.g. fighting an infection), this deficiency of cortisol can result in a life threatening crisis characterized by low blood pressure.

A

Addison’s disease

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9
Q

Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads that act as cushions at the joints.
Occurs most often at joints that perform frequent repetitive motion.

A

Bursitis

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10
Q

_____ belongs to a group of medicines called loop diuretics (also known as water pills). & is given to help treat fluid retention (edema) and swelling that is caused by congestive heart failure, liver disease, kidney disease, or other medical conditions.

A

Furosemide

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11
Q

The main types of ______ aredopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrin

A

catecholamines

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12
Q

Weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve damage, usually in the hands and feet.

A common cause of peripheral ______ is diabetes, but it can also result from injuries, infections, and exposure to toxins.

A

Neuropathy

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13
Q

Adrenergic drugs can help do the following:

increase or decrease blood pressure.

constrict or relax blood vessels.

open or close the airways leading to the lungs.

A

Increase

Constrict

Open

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14
Q

syncopal is and what causes it

A

Medical term for fainting

Hypotension

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15
Q

tachypnea

A

Rapid breathing

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16
Q

_____ is the surgical removal of part or all of a damaged organ or structure, particularly the removal of a tumor.

A

Resection

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17
Q

Sclerotherapy

A

Procedure in which a solution is injected into a vein, causing it to collapse, scar, and fade, remains the primary treatment for the small-vessel varicose disease of the lower extremities

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18
Q

Small blueish-white spots on the oral buccal mucosa opposite the second morals.

Aka koplik spots

Are associated with the disease

A

Rubeola aka Measles

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19
Q

diaphoretic

A

A drug that induces sweat

Heavy sweat

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20
Q

action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope, as a part of medical diagnosis.

A

Auscultation

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21
Q

crepitant rales

A

peculiar crackling sound audible with inspiration in pneumonia and other lung diseases.

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22
Q

Rhonchi

A

Wheezing

Continuous gurgling or bubbling sounds typically heard during both inhalation and exhalation.

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23
Q

Rales

A

Aka Fine Crackles

asthma, pneumonia, COPD

Cause: Overload of fluid

Opposed to Rhonci- Wheezing cause by mucus that clogs the larger bronchi

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24
Q

Stridor

When is it observed

A

high-pitched, whistling sound most often heard while taking in a breath.

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25
Q

an early symptom indicating the onset of a disease or illness.

A

Prodrome

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26
Q

Enanthem

A

A sudden eruption (rash) INSIDE of Body of the surface of a mucous membrane of the mouth or pharynx.

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27
Q

Exanthem

A

A rash on the outside of the body. Ie. The skin

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28
Q

pathognomonic

A

A sign orsymptom, specifically characteristic or indicative of a particular disease or condition.

“body image disturbance is ______ of anorexia nervosa”

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29
Q

________ of the skin occurswhen the skin becomes white or pale

_______ of the skin is typically used by doctors to describe findings on the skin.

A

Blanching

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30
Q

Macule

Exp.

A

(flat, distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 cm wide that does not involve any change in the thickness or texture of the skin)

Freckles,moles, age/sun spots

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31
Q

Where does the rash for rubeola begin?

A

The body rash typically begins on the face and travels downward.

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32
Q

A small, solid, raised bump on the skin that has a border with edges that are easy to see. May be red, purple, brown, or pink.

Some examples: contact dermatitis, which is caused when certain materials touch the skin and create an irritation or allergic reaction. warts, which are bumps on the skin caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) seborrheic keratosis, a condition in which skin growths develop a rough, wart-like appearance)

A

Papules

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33
Q

_______ meanshead to toe. As such, the _______ principle refers to the general pattern of development seen in the earliest years of postnatal development specifically ranging from infancy into toddlerhood. The _______ principle applies to both physical and functional development.

A

Cephalocaudal

34
Q

Tiny round brown-purple spots due to bleeding under the skin, may be in a small area due to minor trauma or widespread due to blood-clotting disorder.

______ can have causes that aren’t due to underlying disease. Examples include bug bites, abrasion, trauma, or medication side effects.

A

Petechiae

35
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Blood or bleeding under the skin due to trauma of any kind; typically black and blue at first, with color changes as healing progresses.

Aka Bruise

36
Q

Is a fever associated with rubeola (measles)

A

Yes a high fever spiking to over 104 for several days

37
Q

A pool of mostly clotted blood that forms in an organ, tissue, or body space.

A ______ is usually caused by a broken blood vessel that was damaged by surgery or an injury. It can occur anywhere in the body, including the brain.

A

Hematoma

38
Q

Reiter’s syndrome, also known as, _____, is the classic triad of conjunctivitis, urethritis, and arthritis

A

reactive arthritis

39
Q

conjunctivitis is….

A

Pinkeye

40
Q

Teardrop on a rose petal” refers to the lesions found in ________ The characteristic ______ vesicle, surrounded by an erythematous halo, is described as a dewdrop on a rose petal

A

varicella aka chicken pox

41
Q

_____ on the soft palate is characteristic of rubella infection.

A

Petechiae

42
Q

Bacteria called group __ Streptococcus cause scarlet fever.

A

A

43
Q

erythematous eruption is…

Simply put

A

Skin redness

44
Q

The pharynx is red and painful, the tongue has a strawberry appearance, and is caused by streptococcus A is this illness

A

Scarlet fever

45
Q

continuously measure and adjust the balance of (a physiological function or drugdosage).

“each patient received intravenous diazepam and pethidine, the doses being _____ according to the response”

A

titrated

46
Q

_____ is an opioid pain-relief medicine that was once widely used in Australia for pain caused by a range of conditions. _____ is now less frequently used because newer, safer opioids are available. _____ is sometimes to used to reduce labour pain in childbirth

A

Meperidine (Demerol)

47
Q

_____ is the most common type of kidney cancer in children. a rare kidney cancer that primarily affects children. Also known as nephroblastoma.

A

Wilms tumor

48
Q

Oliguria

A

the production of abnormally small amounts of urine.

urinary output less than 400 ml per day or less than 20 ml per hour

49
Q

The normal range for (this bodily fluid) specific gravity is1.005 to 1.030

A

Urine

50
Q

GFR of ___ or higher is in the normal range. A GFR below ___ may mean kidney disease. A GFR of ___ or lower may mean kidney failure.

A

60, 60, 15

51
Q

Azotemia

A

Elevated levels of nitrogen compounds in the blood.

52
Q

Uremia

A

Urine in the blood

53
Q

fluid-filled sac around a testicle, often first noticed as swelling of the scrotum.

_____ is common in newborns and usually disappears without treatment within the first year. Older men can develop ____, sometimes due to inflammation or injury.

A

Hydrocele

54
Q

circulatory condition in which narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs.

___________ is a sign of fatty deposits and calcium building up in the walls of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Risk factors include aging, diabetes, and smoking.

A

Peripheral vascular disease

55
Q

The most prominent features of critical limb ischemia are called_______ severe pain in the legs and feet while a person is not moving, or non-healing sores on the feet or legs. Other symptoms include: Pain or numbness in the feet. Shiny, smooth, dry skin of the legs or feet.

A

ischemic rest pain

56
Q

Ischemia / Ischemic

A

Reduced blood flow

57
Q

The condition (Of this disease) ______ is often partially or fully relieved by placing the extremity in a dependent position, so that perfusion is enhanced by the effects of gravity.

A

Ischemic rest pain

58
Q

Bruit

A

sound, especially anabnormalone, heard through astethoscope; amurmur.

59
Q

_____ describes the pain experienced by a patient with a peripheral vascular disease when oxygen demand in the leg muscles exceeds the oxygen supply. The tissue becomes hypoxic, causing cramping, weakness, and discomfort.

A

Claudication

60
Q

arteriosclerosis obliteran is aka

A

Peripheral vascular disease

61
Q

degenerationof the walls of thearteriescaused byaccumulatedfatty deposits andscartissue, and leading to restriction of the circulation and a risk ofthrombosis.

thefattymaterial that formsplaquesin the arteries.

A

Atheroma

62
Q

the blockage or closing of an opening, blood vessel, or hollow organ.

“examination revealed central retinal artery ____

A

occlusion

63
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon may be a sign of an underlying autoimmune disorder such as scleroderma or lupus

What does it do

Who does it affect

A

The arterioles and capillaries constrict cutting off blood supply to fingers and toes. Also tip of nose and ears

Young woman (under 30)

64
Q

In ______ (also called Raynaud’s disease), the cause isn’t known. More common and tend to be less severe than ________ Raynaud’s phenomenon

______ usually begins in females after the age of 30 while ______ begins from 15 - 30

A

primary Raynaud’s / secondary Raynaud’s

Secondary Raynaud’s/ Primary Raynaud’s

65
Q

Acute coronary syndrome

What is it? What is happening?

How is it caused?

A

Any condition brought on by a sudden reduction or blockage of blood flow to the heart.

Acute coronary syndrome is most often caused by plaque rupture or clot formation in the heart’s arteries.

66
Q

In a hospitalized patient on prolonged bed rest, the most likely cause of sudden onset shortness of breath and chest pain is …

A

pulmonary embolism

67
Q

Approximately 90% of _____ result from an acute thrombus that obstructs an atherosclerotic coronary artery.

A

myocardial infarctions

68
Q

Which test measures the body’s acid-base (ph) level?

A

Arterial blood gas ABG

69
Q

This device delivers electric shocks to the heart to stop episodes of Ventricular Tachycardia & Ventricular Fibrillation ( a type of irregular heart rhythm “Arrhythmia”)

Used for paitents with significant Ventricular symptoms, such as Tachycardia resulting in syncope.

A

Automatic cardioverter-defibrillator

70
Q

Orthopnea

A

Discomfort when breathing while lying down flat; common in people with some types of heart or lung conditions.

71
Q

Thrombocytopenia might occur as a result of a bone marrow disorder such as leukemia or an immune system problem.

What is Thrombocytopenia

A

Low platelet level

150,000 - 450,000 platelets / microliter is normal

72
Q

What is the average closure time for the anterior fontanelle?

A

13 - 24 months

73
Q

Lesions have a “teardrop-on-a-rose-petal” appearance is characteristic of this disease

A

Varicella (chicken pox)

74
Q

Anuria

A

Failure of kidneys to produce urine

75
Q

a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls.

A

Atherosclerosis

76
Q

Torticollis

A

Rare condition in which the neck muscles ( Sternocleidomastoid ) contract, causing the head to twist to one side.

Torticollis can be inherited and is seen soon after birth. This form may resolve without treatment.

77
Q

Osgood-Schlatter disease affects whom?

What brings about this disease

S&S

Treatment

A

Adolescentes

Actividades that requiere repeated use of the quadriceps, track and soccer

S&S painful lump below the kneecap.

Treatment: almost always go away on its own once the child stops growing

Resting the knee and decreasing activity when symptoms develop.

Putting ice over the painful area 2 to 4 times a day, and after activities.

78
Q

Greek “orthos”

A

Straight or erect.

79
Q

_____ is similar to a hemorrhage, but a hemorrhage refers to ongoing bleeding while the blood in a _____ has typically already clotted.

A

hematoma / hematoma

80
Q

Macules
Vs
Papules

A

Macules

Flat, discolored lighter, darker, pink, or red.
moles, freckles, and vitiligo lesions.

Papules
Raised, solid bumps that can be felt or palpated. Flesh-colored / Pearly Papules can be solitary or multiple.

NCLEX: Mix (18 decks)

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