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Final Day 1 > Random Questions > Flashcards

Random Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements is correct
A. Endochondral ossification needs chondroclats as a fist step
B. Chondroblasts destroy cartilage
C. Osteoclasts are stimulated by calcitonin
D. Osteoblasts are cells that produce cartilage, while osteocytes destroys it
E. Reticulocytes produce collagen III in the dermis

A

A.

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2
Q

Rouleaux of erythrocytes in blood can be a consequence of:
A. increase in plasma protein concentration
B. iron deficiency
C. hemoglobin deficiency
D. increase in number of platelets

A

A.

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3
Q

Skull formation during animal development depends on a mechanism called:
A. intramembranous ossification
B. soft callus ossification
C. endochondral ossification
D. skull remodeling

A

A.

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4
Q

The primary function of neutrophils is:
A. blood clotting
B. histamine production
C. antibody production
D. phagocytosis of bacteria

A

D.

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the endocrine system?
A. its products are secreted into blood
B. its products are hormones
C. its products are secreted by glands with ducts
D.all of the above are characteristics of the endocrine system

A

C.

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6
Q

Which organ secretes steroid hormones?
A. hypothalamus
B. adrenal cortex
C. adrenal medulla
D. thyroid
E. parathyroid

A

B.

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7
Q

Going from the capsule toward the medulla, the zones of the adrenal cortex are:
A. zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis.
B. zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis, zona fasciculata.
C. zona fasciculata, zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis.
D. zona reticularis, zona fasciculata, zona glomerulosa.
E. zona reticularis, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata.

A

A.
GFR

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8
Q

T lymphoctes mature in the_______________; they first come from the ___________.
A. thymus, bone marrow
B. spleen, thymus
C. thymus, spleen
D. bone marrow, spleen

A

A.

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9
Q

The tonsils are covered by:
A. simple squamous epithelium
B. stratified squamous epithelium
C. transitional epithelium
D. collagen capsule
E. B and D are correct

A

B.

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10
Q

Damage to an upper motor neuron pathway is likely to result in
A. hypotonus
B. hyperreflexia
C. lack of weight bearing on limbs
D. very disrupted, wobbly, and unsteady balance (“drunken gait”)

A

B.

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11
Q

An upper motor neuron could synapse on all of these EXCEPT:
A. alpha motor neuron
B. striated muscle fiber
C. sensory afferent fiber
D. interneuron within the grey matter of the spinal cord

A

B.

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12
Q

Based on what you know about spinal cord anatomy and location of tracts, if an animal had mild or minimal compression on the ventral portion of a spinal cord segment you would see:
A.deficits in coordination and balance
B.proprioceptive deficits in the thoracic limbs
C. weakness in muscle tone in the limbs
D.hypertonus

A

?

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13
Q

Spinal column tracts which contain pathways for unconscious proprioception would be found in the
A. dorsal funiculus
B. lateral funiculus
C. dorsal horn
D. ventral funicular horn

A

B.

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14
Q

What characterizes intervertebral disc disease Type I
A. The annulus bulges and compresses against the spinal cord
B. The nucleus pulposus becomes fibrous and bulges against the annulus
C. the nucleus pulposus becomes calcified and bursts through the annulus
D. the annulus degenerates and loses myelin

A

C.

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15
Q

The terminal filament is:
A. a bundle of nerve fibers which remain after the spinal cord has terminated
B. a meningeal layer which forms a ligament which is attached midway on the lateral portions of the spinal cord
C. another term for an interneuron that does not project between spinal cord segments
D. a cord of meningeal layer at the caudal end of the spinal cord which provides stabilization

A

D.

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16
Q

A cat gets a head injury to the extrapyramidal motor system, the lesion is cranial to the brainstem. You predict you would see:
A. deficits in motor control on the contralateral side of the body
B. deficits in motor control on the ipsilateral side of the body
C. loss of sensation on the contralateral side of the body
D. loss of fine motor skills such as precisely scratching up your furniture

A

A.

17
Q

The biologically active form of calcium is:
A. Ca bound to albumin
B. Ca activated by Vitamin D
C. Ionized fraction of calcium
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

A

C.

18
Q

PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)
A. is released in response to hypercalcemia
B. is released in response to hypocalcemia
C. induces renal excretion of Ca
D. is a co-enzyme for vitamin D
E. none of the above

A

B.

19
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?:
A. Mineralocorticoids lead to Na and H excretion
B. Mineralocorticoids lead to Na and K excretion
C. Mineralocorticoids lead to Na and H retention
D. Mineralocorticoids lead to Na and K retention
E. Mineralocorticoids lead to Na retention

A

E.

20
Q

Glucagon is a hormone that:
A. increases glycolysis
B. decreases glycogenolysis
C.stimulates gluconeogenesis
D. facilitates ketogenesis
E. c and d

A

E.

21
Q

Somatostatin
A. inhibits insulin release
B. is a drug that decreases cholesterol intake
C. inhibits mineralocorticoid secretion
D. inhibits ACTH secretion
E. stimulates glucagon secretion

A

A.

22
Q

Which of the following is NOT a general metabolic effect of thyroid hormone in the body?
A.Stimulate lipolysis
B. Reduce the rate of cholesterol metabolism
C. Increase the number of beta receptors in the heart
D. Increase synthesis of Na+K+ATPase
E. Determine the basal metabolic rate of the animal

A

B.

23
Q

Which of the following statements is CORRECT in a healthy animal?
A. cortisol feeds back on the pituitary gland
B. cortisol feeds back on the hypothalamus
C.high cortisol causes a decrease in ACTH secretion
D. high cortisol causes a decrease in CRH secretion
E. all of the above

A

E.

24
Q

Which of the following cellular events would NOT be needed for insulin secretion to occur?
A. glucose transport through GLUT4 transporters
B. glycolysis
C.TCA cycle
D.ATP synthesis
E. Ca influx

A

A.

25
Q

Which of the following is NOT an effect of insulin?:
A.activation of beta cells
B. stimulation of lipoprotein lipase
C.stimulation of ketogenesis
D.stimulation of glycogen synthesis
E. stimulation of glycolysis

A

C.

26
Q

The axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at the
A. subclavian artery.
B.common interosseous artery.
C.subscapular artery.
D.suprascapular artery.

A

C.

27
Q

The extensors of the carpus and forelimb digits basically originate from the
A. medial epicondyle of the humerus.
B. lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
C. olecranon.
D. greater tubercle

A

B.

28
Q

The extensors of the elbow, carpus and forelimb digits are innervated by the
A. median nerve.
B. ulnar nerve.
C.musculocutaneous nerve.
D.radial nerve.

A

D.

29
Q

How many nerves must be blocked to completely desensitize the equine fore digit?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6

A

C.

30
Q

The distal check ligament of the equine forelimb
A. originates from the proximal palmar aspect of the third metacarpal and merges with the superficial digital flexor tendon.
B. originates from the palmar carpal ligament and merges with the superficial digital flexor tendon.
C. originates from the palmar carpal ligament and merges with the deep digital flexor tendon.
D. originates from the proximal palmar aspect of the third metacarpal and merges with the deep digital flexor tendon.

A

C.

31
Q

Which of the following down-regulates aldosterone synthesis
A. Renin
B. DHEA
C. ANP
D. ACTH

A

C.

32
Q

Glucocorticoid
A. Produced predominantly by the Zona reticularis
B. Mainly influenced fluid and electrolyte balance
C. Bind solely to the glucocorticoid receptor
D. Up regulate a1 and B1 adrenergic receptor

A

D.

33
Q

What is the most common form of pancreatitis in cats

A

Chronic

34
Q

Most common form of pancreatitis in dogs

A

Acute

Final Day 1 (16 decks)

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