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Final Day 1 > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine

A

Hormone secreted into blood binds distant target cells

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2
Q

Paracrine

A

Hormone acts locally by diffusing from its source to target cells in the neighborhood

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3
Q

Autocrine

A

Hormone acts on same cell that produced it

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4
Q

Steroids

A

Originate from cholesterol precursor

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5
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Lies below third ventricle at base of brain

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6
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Endocrine gland connected to hypothalamus by infundibulum

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7
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

Releasing hormones
Inhibiting hormones

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8
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Oxytocin
Antidiuretic hormone ( ADH)

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9
Q

Nonpeptide hormone

A

Dopamine most important inhibitor of prolactin

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10
Q

Corticotropin releasing hormone

A

Acts on corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary to stimulate production of ACTH

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11
Q

GnRH

A

Acts on gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary to stimulate production of FSH and LH

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12
Q

GHRH
GHIH

A

GHRH- acts on somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary stimulates production of GH
GHIH- also called somatostatin in the anterior pituitary and inhibits production of GH

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13
Q

TRH

A

Acts on thyrotrophs of the anterior pituitary to stimulate TSH

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14
Q

PRH

A

Acts on lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary
Stimulates prolactin

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15
Q

Dopamine

A

Acts on lactotrophs to INHIBIT production of prolactin by the anterior pituitary

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16
Q

Oxytocin

A

Uterine contraction and milk let down
Inhibited by progesterone

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17
Q

What does ADH do

A

Decreases urine output
Increases water resorption
Decreases sweating
Increases blood pressure

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18
Q

V1 receptors

A

Blood vessels

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19
Q

V2 receptors

A

Renal collecting duct epithelial cells

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20
Q

V3 receptors

A

Mediating ACTH secretion from the anterior pituitary

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21
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Lack of ADH production or response

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22
Q

Characteristics of diabetes inipidus

A

Dilute urine
Problem in hypothalamus
Rise in urine osmolality following administration of ADH

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23
Q

Which of the following are synthesized in the hypothalamus
A. Corticotropin releasing hormone
B. Thyroid hormone
C. Gonadotropin releasing hormone
D. Dopamine
E. A, C, and D

24
Q

Which of the following hormones is NOT released by the posterior pituitary?
A. Oxytocin
B. Anti-diuretic
C. Vasopressin
D. Dopamine

25
Q

ADH is involved in
A. Parturition
B. Milk-let down
C. Social attachment
D. All of the above
E. None of the above

26
Q

The posterior pituitary is composed of neural tissue
True or false

27
Q

Which of the following is NOT a peptide hormone
A. Somatostatin
B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C. Dopamine
D. Growth hormone releasing hormone
E. All of the above

28
Q

Diabetes insipidus is caused by
A. Too little ADH
B. To much ADH
C. Too little oxytocin
D. To much oxytocin

29
Q

Syndrome of inappropriate diuresis is characterized by
A. Elevated or normal ADH is presence of low plasma osmolality
B. Water retention
C. Cellular over hydration
D. All of the above

30
Q

Five distinct cell types ( master gland)

A

Lactotrophs PRL
Gonadotrophs FSH LH
Thyrotrophs TSH
Corticotrophs ACTH
Somatotrophs GH

31
Q

Antidiuretic hormone ADH

A

Kidney tubules
Posterior pituitary

32
Q

Oxytocin

A

Muscles of uterus
Posterior pituitary

33
Q

Gonadotropic hormones FSH and LH

A

Testis and ovary
Anterior pituitary

34
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

A

Bone
Anterior pituitary

35
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A

Adrenal cortex
Anterior pituitary

36
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Thyroid gland
Anterior pituitary

37
Q

GnRH stimulates

A

LH and FSH

38
Q

Prolactin releasing factors ( TRH and PRH) stimulates

A

PRL ( lactotrophs )

39
Q

Prolactin PRL

A

Mammary glands
anterior pituitary

41
Q

Which of the following is not secreted by anterior pituitary
A. FSH and LH
B. Prolactin
C. TSH
D. GnRH

A

D. GnRH
Comes from hypothalamus

42
Q

Which of the following statements about prolactin is wrong
A. It is a peptide hormone
B. It is involved in milk-ejection reflex
C. It is inhibited by dopamine
D. It’s secretion is enhanced during pregnancy

A

B. It is involved in milk ejection reflex
Dopamine is responsible for this

43
Q

Where is GH made

A

Anterior pituitary

44
Q

What GH regulated by

A

GHRH and GHIH

45
Q

Growth hormone does which of the following
A. Increase amino acid uptake
B. Decrease glucose uptake
C. Decreases fat synthesis
D. All of the above

46
Q

Growth hormone is not affected by age or time of day

47
Q

Excess growth hormone causes
A. Acromegaly
B. Dermatosis
C. Dermatitis
D. All the above
E. None of the above

48
Q

IGF 1 has a similar structure to insulin T or F

49
Q

IGF 1 has a similar function to insulin T or F

50
Q

BST does

A

Increase milk production
Increases IGF1 levels in milk

51
Q

3 things that inhibit prolactin

A

Dopamine
Progesterone
High prolactin levels

52
Q

True or false
Cats have a higher incidence of hyperthyroidism than dogs

53
Q

Hyperthyroidism is characterized by
A. Weight gain
B. Weight loss
C. Slow activity
D. None of the above

54
Q

T3

A

Acts more rapidly
3-5x more potent that T4
More biologically active hormone

55
Q

What would cause ADH to be released

A

Dehydration
Low blood volume

56
Q

Which of the following statements about peptide protein hormones is not true
A. They utilize second messenger systems
B. Their receptors are located on the cell membrane
C. They have a faster onset of action than both steroid and thyroid hormones
D. They produce direct changes in gene expression

57
Q

Which of the following statements is not true for hormone signaling
A. Negative feedback is important to maintain homeostasis
B. cAMP is a 2nd messenger in GPCR signaling
C. GPCR is a tyrosine kinase
D. Hormone agonist/antagonist can be used to interfere with hormone signals and provide clinical benefit

Final Day 1 (16 decks)

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