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Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine

A

Hormone secreted into blood binds distant target cells

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2
Q

Paracrine

A

Hormone acts locally by diffusing from its source to target cells in the neighborhood

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3
Q

Autocrine

A

Hormone acts on same cell that produced it

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4
Q

Steroids

A

Originate from cholesterol precursor

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5
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Lies below third ventricle at base of brain

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6
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Endocrine gland connected to hypothalamus by infundibulum

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7
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

Releasing hormones
Inhibiting hormones

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8
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Oxytocin
Antidiuretic hormone ( ADH)

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9
Q

Nonpeptide hormone

A

Dopamine most important inhibitor of prolactin

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10
Q

Corticotropin releasing hormone

A

Acts on corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary to stimulate production of ACTH

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11
Q

GnRH

A

Acts on gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary to stimulate production of FSH and LH

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12
Q

GHRH
GHIH

A

GHRH- acts on somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary stimulates production of GH
GHIH- also called somatostatin in the anterior pituitary and inhibits production of GH

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13
Q

TRH

A

Acts on thyrotrophs of the anterior pituitary to stimulate TSH

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14
Q

PRH

A

Acts on lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary
Stimulates prolactin

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15
Q

Dopamine

A

Acts on lactotrophs to INHIBIT production of prolactin by the anterior pituitary

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16
Q

Oxytocin

A

Uterine contraction and milk let down
Inhibited by progesterone

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17
Q

What does ADH do

A

Decreases urine output
Increases water resorption
Decreases sweating
Increases blood pressure

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18
Q

V1 receptors

A

Blood vessels

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19
Q

V2 receptors

A

Renal collecting duct epithelial cells

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20
Q

V3 receptors

A

Mediating ACTH secretion from the anterior pituitary

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21
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Lack of ADH production or response

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22
Q

Characteristics of diabetes inipidus

A

Dilute urine
Problem in hypothalamus
Rise in urine osmolality following administration of ADH

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23
Q

Which of the following are synthesized in the hypothalamus
A. Corticotropin releasing hormone
B. Thyroid hormone
C. Gonadotropin releasing hormone
D. Dopamine
E. A, C, and D

24
Q

Which of the following hormones is NOT released by the posterior pituitary?
A. Oxytocin
B. Anti-diuretic
C. Vasopressin
D. Dopamine

25
ADH is involved in A. Parturition B. Milk-let down C. Social attachment D. All of the above E. None of the above
E.
26
The posterior pituitary is composed of neural tissue True or false
True
27
Which of the following is NOT a peptide hormone A. Somatostatin B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone C. Dopamine D. Growth hormone releasing hormone E. All of the above
C.
28
Diabetes insipidus is caused by A. Too little ADH B. To much ADH C. Too little oxytocin D. To much oxytocin
A.
29
Syndrome of inappropriate diuresis is characterized by A. Elevated or normal ADH is presence of low plasma osmolality B. Water retention C. Cellular over hydration D. All of the above
D.
30
Five distinct cell types ( master gland)
Lactotrophs PRL Gonadotrophs FSH LH Thyrotrophs TSH Corticotrophs ACTH Somatotrophs GH
31
Antidiuretic hormone ADH
Kidney tubules Posterior pituitary
32
Oxytocin
Muscles of uterus Posterior pituitary
33
Gonadotropic hormones FSH and LH
Testis and ovary Anterior pituitary
34
Growth hormone (GH)
Bone Anterior pituitary
35
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Adrenal cortex Anterior pituitary
36
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Thyroid gland Anterior pituitary
37
GnRH stimulates
LH and FSH
38
Prolactin releasing factors ( TRH and PRH) stimulates
PRL ( lactotrophs )
39
Prolactin PRL
Mammary glands anterior pituitary
40
41
Which of the following is not secreted by anterior pituitary A. FSH and LH B. Prolactin C. TSH D. GnRH
D. GnRH Comes from hypothalamus
42
Which of the following statements about prolactin is wrong A. It is a peptide hormone B. It is involved in milk-ejection reflex C. It is inhibited by dopamine D. It’s secretion is enhanced during pregnancy
B. It is involved in milk ejection reflex Dopamine is responsible for this
43
Where is GH made
Anterior pituitary
44
What GH regulated by
GHRH and GHIH
45
Growth hormone does which of the following A. Increase amino acid uptake B. Decrease glucose uptake C. Decreases fat synthesis D. All of the above
D.
46
Growth hormone is not affected by age or time of day
False
47
Excess growth hormone causes A. Acromegaly B. Dermatosis C. Dermatitis D. All the above E. None of the above
A.
48
IGF 1 has a similar structure to insulin T or F
True
49
IGF 1 has a similar function to insulin T or F
False
50
BST does
Increase milk production Increases IGF1 levels in milk
51
3 things that inhibit prolactin
Dopamine Progesterone High prolactin levels
52
True or false Cats have a higher incidence of hyperthyroidism than dogs
True
53
Hyperthyroidism is characterized by A. Weight gain B. Weight loss C. Slow activity D. None of the above
B.
54
T3
Acts more rapidly 3-5x more potent that T4 More biologically active hormone
55
What would cause ADH to be released
Dehydration Low blood volume
56
Which of the following statements about peptide protein hormones is not true A. They utilize second messenger systems B. Their receptors are located on the cell membrane C. They have a faster onset of action than both steroid and thyroid hormones D. They produce direct changes in gene expression
D.
57
Which of the following statements is not true for hormone signaling A. Negative feedback is important to maintain homeostasis B. cAMP is a 2nd messenger in GPCR signaling C. GPCR is a tyrosine kinase D. Hormone agonist/antagonist can be used to interfere with hormone signals and provide clinical benefit
C.

Final Day 1 (16 decks)

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