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PANCE Review > Random Questions #1 > Flashcards

Random Questions #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of sudden death?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

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2
Q

Color blindness is transmitted thorugh what genetic pattern?

A

Dominant X-linked

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3
Q

A prostate biopsy consists of how many samples?

A

6 to 12

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4
Q

What is the definitive treatment for a patient with recurrent ventricular tachycardia?

A

Implanted defibrillator

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5
Q

How does ezetimibe work?

A

Decreases intestinal absorption of cholesterol

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6
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat C. difficile?

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

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7
Q

A patient on sulfasalazine for an inflammatory bowel disease should be supplemented with what vitamin?

A

Folate

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8
Q

A child presenting with an erythematous sandpaper rash should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Scarlet fever

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9
Q

Owl eye inclusion bodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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10
Q

In a patient with aortic stenosis, will the PMI be medially displaced, normal, or laterally displaced?

A

Laterally displaced due to left ventricular hypertrophy

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11
Q

List two causes of right atrial enlargement

A

Pulmonary HTN, severe lung disease, pulmonary valve stenosis

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12
Q

Acute endocarditis is most commonly caused by what organism?

A

Staph aureus

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13
Q

Describe erythema marginatum

A

Pink rings on the trunk and inner surfaces of the limbs

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14
Q

A patient was camping a few days ago and now has a rah that began on his wrists and ankles. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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15
Q

Clicking or locking of the knee indicates what diagnosis?

A

Meniscal tear

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16
Q

Decreased GABA and substance P should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Huntington’s

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17
Q

In order to contract hepatits D, what must you already have?

A

Hepatits B

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18
Q

How long does a panic attack typically last?

A

10-20 minutes

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19
Q

What is the most common precipitating event for post-traumatic stress disorder in women?

A

Rape

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20
Q

What is the best patient position to hear aortic regurge and aortic stenosis?

A

Sitting up and leaning forward

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21
Q

An india ink stain showing cysts should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cryptococcosis

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22
Q

At what point during pregnancy is RhoGAM given if it is needed?

A

28 weeks

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23
Q

A 35 year old patient comes to your office because his wife made him. He has been increasingly irritable and moody. She also noticed that he is very restless. You order a CT scan which shows cerebral atrophy as well as atrophy of the caudate nucleus. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Huntingdon’s disease

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24
Q

What is the accessory pathway associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

A

The bundle of Kent

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25
Q

Ghon or Ranke complexes on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

TB

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26
Q

What does koilonychia refer to?

A

Spoon-shaped nails which may be found in microcytic anemia

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27
Q

What is the therapeutic range for INR following an organic valve replacement?

A

2 to 3

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28
Q

A 35 year old female presents with heat intolerance, weight loss, and palpitations. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Hyperthyroidism

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29
Q

What side effect might make a patient stop taking an ACEi?

A

Cough

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30
Q

What is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis?

A

Sweat chloride test

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31
Q

Name two fibric acid derivatives?

A

Fenofibrate and gemfibrozil

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32
Q

Is sickle cell microcytic, macrocytic, or normocytic?

A

Microcytic

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33
Q

A patient’s wife complains that he is hypervigilant and has a hyperstartle response. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Posttraumatic stress disorder

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34
Q

A boot-shaped heart on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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35
Q

What molecule binds iron in the bloodstream?

A

Transferrin

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36
Q

What is the first line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Methotrexate

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37
Q

Gestational diabetes puts mom and baby at increased risk for what three things?

A

Preeclampsia, macrosomia (traumatic birth), slowing in fetal lung development

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38
Q

What type of organism causes tetanus?

A

A Gram+ rod, Clostridium tetani

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39
Q

What drug do you use to treat pinworm?

A

You treat everyone in the house with albendazole. Two weeks later you treat them again.

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40
Q

What drug do you use to treat pinworm?

A

You treat everyone in the house with albendazole. Two weeks later you treat them again.

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41
Q

A physical exam revealing a retroverted uterus or uterosacral ligament nodularity should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Endometriosis

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42
Q

There is a sunburst appearance on x-ray. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Osteosarcoma

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43
Q

How much more potent is T3 than T4?

A

3-4x

44
Q

What should a primary care provider do for a presumed retinal detachment?

A

Refer and position patient with head down

45
Q

Anti-Jo-1 antibodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Polymyositis

46
Q

Is pseudomonas gram (+) or gram (-)?

A

Gram (-)

47
Q

A CXR finding of notched ribs in a child should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

48
Q

A patient’s lab work shows positive Smith antibody and positive double-stranded DNA antibodies. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Lupus

49
Q

What is the #1 cause of retinal artery occlusion?

A

Carotid atherosclerotic disease

50
Q

What is the most common cause of c-spine fractures?

A

Motor vehicle accidents

51
Q

Which herpes virus causes Epstein-Barr?

A

Herpes 4

52
Q

What is the term for eyelids that turn in?

A

Entropion

53
Q

What is the term for eyelids that turn in?

A

Entropion

54
Q

If you see the term chocolate cyst, it should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Endometrioma

55
Q

What fracture is the #1 cause of compartment syndrome?

A

Tibial shaft fracture

56
Q

Define full term.

A

Delivery at 37-42 weeks

57
Q

Nasal polyps should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cystic fibrosis

58
Q

List four disease states in which you may find basophilic stippling.

A

Lead poisoning, beta or alpha thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, arsenic poisoning

59
Q

Is neisseria gram(+) or gram (-)?

A

Gram (-)

60
Q

Coin-shaped plaques should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Nummular eczema

61
Q

Define metrorrhagia.

A

Bleeding between menstrual cycles

62
Q

A patient without a functioning spleen is more susceptible to what type of organisms?

A

Encapsulated organisms most commonly Strep pneumoniae and H. flu

63
Q

A patient presents with irritated, burning and tearing eyes. You notice some scurf and scales. Where do you begin treatment?

A

This is blepharitis. Treatment begins with good hygiene and moves on to topical antibiotics if necessary.

64
Q

What is the first line medication you should give for atrial flutter?

A

Adenosine

65
Q

Describe Grey-Turner’s sign.

A

Flank ecchymosis often related to pancreatitis

66
Q

What is the only curative therapy for gastric adenocarcinoma?

A

Surgical resection

67
Q

What is the only curative therapy for gastric adenocarcinoma?

A

Surgical resection

68
Q

What medication class is used to lower triglycerides?

A

Fibric acid derivatives

69
Q

Why can’t you give fluoroquinolones to kids?

A

They can develop cartilage development problems

70
Q

A patient a tremor with motion in his hands. What medication might you prescribe?

A

The patient has an active tumor therefore a beta blocker like propranolol is a good start

71
Q

A patient a tremor with motion in his hands. What medication might you prescribe?

A

The patient has an active tumor therefore a beta blocker like propranolol is a good start

72
Q

A patient presents to your office complaining of a tremor in his right hand. He states after a beer it goes away completely. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Benign essential tremor or familial tremor

73
Q

Name one drug that can increase creatinine level in labs

A

Trimethopim-sulfamethoxazole, cimetidine (H2 blocker), famotidine, ranitidine, cefoxitin

74
Q

What is the most common fracture in a patient with osteoporosis?

A

A compression fracture of a vertebral body followed by hip fractures

75
Q

What are three ways you can check for ruptured membranes?

A

Ferning pattern on a slide, visualize leakage from the cervix, pooling in the vagina

76
Q

What lab result will increase the risk of digoxin toxicity?

A

Hypokalemia or hypercalcemia

77
Q

What lab result will increase the risk of digoxin toxicity?

A

Hypokalemia or hypercalcemia

78
Q

Subacute endocarditis is most commonly caused by what organism?

A

Strep Viridans

79
Q

A patient presents with a staccato cough but no fever. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Chlamydia pneumoniae

80
Q

Cottage cheese discharge should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Vaginal candidiasis

81
Q

An 82 year old patient complains of headaches and jaw claudication. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Giant cell (temporal) arteritis

82
Q

Eggshell opacities on the CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Silicosis and coal workers lung

83
Q

What cranial nerve is affected with Bell’s palsy?

A

CN VII

84
Q

A middle age make presents with unilateral periorbital headaches occurring daily for several weeks. These headaches are extremely painful. Which type of headache is the most likely cause?

A

Cluster headache

85
Q

A Gram-positive organism in clusters should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Staph

86
Q

What is tonometry used for?

A

Determining intraocular pressure

87
Q

What two main causes should you be thinking of in a macrocytic anemia?

A

Malnutrition and severe blood loss

88
Q

A patient presents with sudden painless complete unilateral vision loss. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)

89
Q

What is Graves’ disease?

A

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is an autoimmune disease

90
Q

What is the treatment for Shigella?

A

Bactrim or fluoroquinolones and hydration

91
Q

You hear a continuous machine-like murmur. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

92
Q

At what age should a child begin to feed himself?

A

6 months

93
Q

At what BMI should a patient be hospitalized for anorexia?

A

BMI of

94
Q

A patient in the recovery room following foot surgery is complaining of severe photophobia. She feels as though there is something in her eye. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Corneal abrasion (patients scratch their eyes before they are completely awake from anesthesia)

95
Q

What organism is believed to be the main culprit in creating peptic ulcers?

A

Helicobacter pylori

96
Q

What two lung cancers are typically found centrally on CXR?

A

Small cell and squamous cell

97
Q

What two lung cancers are typically found centrally on CXR?

A

Small cell and squamous cell

98
Q

What is the best imaging to rule out testicular torsion?

A

Doppler U/S for decreased blood flow to the testes

99
Q

Bloody stool with cysts and trophozoites should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Amebiasis

100
Q

How do you treat white oral plaques that can be scraped off?

A

This is most likely candida, Topical nystatin or oral fluconazole 1mg are the first lien choices.

101
Q

How do you treat white oral plaques that can be scraped off?

A

This is most likely candida, Topical nystatin or oral fluconazole 1mg are the first lien choices.

102
Q

Define prehypertension

A

SBP 120-139

DBP 80-89

103
Q

At approximately how many weeks pregnant is the uterus at the level of the symphysis pubis?

A

12 weeks

104
Q

An abdominal exam with pain out of proportion to the exam should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Intestinal ischemia

105
Q

A 30 year old African American woman presents with dysphagia. You notice she also has thickened skin. A barium swallow demonstrates the absence of peristalsis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Scleroderma

106
Q

List three causes of decreased tactile fremitus.

A

COPD, asthma, pleural effusion, pneumothorax

107
Q

How long must symptoms occur before diagnosing schizophrenia?

A

At least six months

PANCE Review (13 decks)

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