Ophthamology Flashcards
What should a primary care provider do for a presumed retinal detachment?
Refer and position with head down
In what age range do you expect to most commonly find amaurosis fugax?
Patients older than 50
What is the #1 cause of retinal artery occlusion?
Atherosclerotic carotid disease
When treating herpes keratitis should you use topical antivirals, topical steroids, or both?
Don’t use steroids. Topical antiviral and refer
A patient describes his vision loss as a curtain coming down and then going back up. What might the diagnosis be?
Amaurosis fugax
A patient presents with a painful, red nodule on the eye. What diagnosis should you be thinking of? What treatment should you begin with?
Hordeolum (stye). Warm compress and progress to topical antibiotics of necessary
A fundal exam shows a cherry-red spot. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Central retinal artery occlusion
A college student presents with a little purulent drainage from one eye and nontender preauricular lymphadenopathy. What diagnosis and pathogen should you be thinking of?
Chlamydia conjunctivitis
What should a primary care provider do for presumed retinal artery occlusion?
Ophthalmic emergency!! Refer and intermittent pressure and release of the eye
A patient presents with unilateral blurriness developing over a few days. Fundal exam shows a “blood and thunder” pattern. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Central vein occlusion
What is appropriate treatment for central vein occlusion?
Typically self-limited. Treat underlying disease
Is glaucoma more prevalent in males or females?
Females 3:1
Give two risk factors for glaucoma
African American descent and diabetes
What is the yellow, brown fleshy mass on the conjunctiva which usually does not interfere with vision?
Pinguecula
A fundal exam shows a cup to disc ratio of >0.5. There are also vessels bending over the disc. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Glaucoma
A patient presents saying that he doesn’t seem to need his glasses anymore after 30 years. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Cataract
A patient has meta-morphopsia and central blind spot. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Macular degeneration
What is the most likely quadrant for a retinal detachment?
Superior temporal
A patient presents with pain in one eye. The cornea is hazy and pupils are fixed. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Glaucoma
What is the most common way of testing for metamorphopsia?
Amsler grid
You notice Drusen deposits on a fundal exam. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Macular degeneration
A patient presents with irritated, burning and tearing eyes. You notice some scurf and scales. Where do you being treatment?
This is blepharitis. Treatment begins with good eye hygiene and moves on to topical abx if necessary
A patient has a history of multiple styes. He now has a painless nodule on his eyelid and minor conjunctivitis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Chalazion
What are the most common colors lost in color blindness?
Red and green
What is the term for eyelids that turn in?
Entropion
What is the term for bilateral yellow plaques near the eyes?
Xanthelasma
A fundal exam shows an opalescent retina and boxcarring of arterioles. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Central retinal artery occlusion
What is the most common preceding event for orbital cellulitis?
Upper respiratory infection
Vision loss described as a curtain coming down should make you think of what diagnosis?
Retinal detachment
Cutting the optic nerve causes blindness where?
In the ipsilateral (same side) eye
ie. Cut the left optic nerve causes blindness in the left eye
Cutting the optic chiasm causes deficits where?
It causes heteronymous bitemporal hemianopia
ie Both eyes, both temporal visual fields vision loss
Cutting the optic tract causes deficits where?
It causes homonymous contralateral hemianopia
ie Cutting the left optic tract causes vision loss in nasal visual field of the left eye and temporal visual field in the right eye
Does aqueous fluid fill the anterior chamber or the posterior chamber of the eye?
Anterior chamber
Do rods have high-threshold or low-threshold for light?
Low threshold; sensitive to low-intensity light; and function well in darkness. Low acuity and do not participate in color vision
Point of central vision in the eye?
Fovea centralis
Which cranial nerve originates or terminates in the thalamus?
Optic nerve
A blunt blow or trauma to the eyebrow can cause visual field loss. What has happened?
Retinal detachment
Which cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle for vertical eye movements?
CN 4 - Trochlear
Trauma affects inward, vertical gaze
Which anti-tuberculosis drug can cause optic neuropathy with vision changes?
Ethambutol
Changes can be reversed if stopped early enough
