Random #3 Flashcards
Most common type of kidney stone in nephrolithiasis
Calcium oxalate
Staghorn calculi are associated with what pathogen and a urine pH greater than what?
Proteus; urine pH greater than 7.0
Name one place that kidney stone pain can be referred to
Testes or labia
Name one type of stone not seen on xray
Cystine, Uric acid
“I can’t C U on xray.”
Test of choice for diagnosis of nephrolithiasis
Helical CT scan
Name one part of kidney stone treatment
Opiates for pain relief, IV fluid hydration, lithotripsy for stones 5mm - 2cm, percutaneous nephrolithotomy for stones greater than 2cm
Name one method for preventing current stones
Increase fluid intake, diets with reduced sodium, oxalate, and protein, and using thiazide diuretics to decrease calcium excretion in urine
Most common pathogen of cystitis
E coli
Are E coli gram positive or gram negative?
Gram negative
Is E coli gram-positive or gram-negative?
Gram-negative
Enterococcus can at times cause cystitis. Is Enterococcus gram-positive or gram-negative?
Gram-positive
What is a common physical finding on exam of a woman with suspected cystitis?
Suprapubic tenderness
Name one antibiotic used for treatment of cystitis
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim), nitrofurantoin (Macrobid), or fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)
Name one cause of epididymitis
Sexually transmitted and due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Name one common pathogen that causes pyelonephritis
E coli, Proteus, Klebsiella (all are gram-negative rods)
On microscopic exam of urine with a suspected pyelonephritis, would you see red blood cell casts or white blood cell casts?
White blood cell casts
Test of choice for diagnosis of nephrolithiasis
Non-contrast helical CT scan
On microscopic exam of urine with a suspected pyelonephritis, would you see red blood cell casts or white blood cell casts?
White blood cell casts
Name one pathogen of urethritis
Gonococcal - Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Nongonococcal - Chlamydia trachomatis
What is used to make a diagnosis for Gonococcal - Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Gram stain culture
Is the discharge from Gonococcal - Neisseria gonorrhoeae profuse and purulent or scant and watery?
Profuse and purulent
What is the treatment for Gonococcal - Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Ceftriaxone
What is used to make the diagnosis for Nongonococcal - Chlamydia trachomatis?
Immunoassay
Is the discharge from Nongonococcal - Chlamydia trachomatis profuse and purulent or scant and watery?
Scant and watery
What is the treatment for Nongonococcal - Chlamydia trachomatis?
Azithromycin or doxycycline
