Random Extras Flashcards
Hawthorne effect
Tendency to work harder to perform better in an experiment due to attention received from researchers
What is the Thomas theorem?
That the interpretation of a situation causes their reaction
In George mead’s concepts of “I” and “me”, what do these terms mean?
I = active aspect of individual, response of individual to attitudes of others, more spontaneous
Me = socialized aspect of individual, how individual believes general society perceived them
Yerkes - Dodson Law
People perform best when they are moderately aroused.
Upside down “U” shaped graph with performance on y axis and arousal level on x axis.
What psychologist is modeling behavior most associated with?
Albert Bandura, Bo Bo doll experiments
What is the elaboration likelihood model?
Explains when people will be influenced by the content of speech and when they will be influenced by other more superficial characteristics
What are the 3 characteristics that a listener might be persuaded by?
Message characteristics (logic, number of key points, grammatical complexity, etc.)
Source characteristics (person or venue delivering message)
Target characteristics (characteristics of the person receiving the message)
Social Cognitive Theory
Theory of behavior change that emphasizes the interactions between people and their environment
What is reciprocal determinism?
The interaction between a person’s behaviors, personal factors and their environment
What is the five factor model of trait perspectives? (Costa & McCrae)
ECON A
Extroversion Neuroticism Conscientiousness Openness to experience Agreeableness
Charles Cooley and the looking glass self
A person’s sense of self develops from interactions with others and the perception of others and people shape their self concept based on their understanding of how others perceive them
Social behaviorism
The mind and self emerge through process of communicating with others
Symbolic interactionism
The mind and self emerge through the social process of communication or use of symbols
Generalized other
Common behavioral expectations of general society
Sanctions
Rewards and punishments for behaviors that are in accord or against social norms
Mores
Norms that are highly important for the benefit of society and are often strictly enforced
Folkways
Norms that are less important but shape everyday behavior
Subculture
Segment of society that shares a distinct pattern of traditions and values that differ from that of the larger society
Actor observer bias
Tendency to blame our actions on the situation and blame the actions of others on their personalities
Ethnocentrism
Tendency to judge people from other cultures by the standards of our own culture
Cultural relativism
Judging another culture based on its own standards
Reference group
A standard measure that people compare themselves to
Social facilitation
People perform simple tasks better when other people are present. But presence of others can impair performance when completing more complex tasks.
Functionalism
Conceptualizes society as a living organism with many different parts or orcas each of which has a distinct purpose. Focuses on the social functions of different structures by seeing what they contribute to society overall.
In functionalism, what is a manifest function?
What is a latent function?
Manifest = intended and obvious consequence of structure
Latent = unintended or less recognizable consequences
Conflict theory
Views society as a competition for limited resources and accepts that society will have inequality in distribution of those resources. Those with power and influence will keep it by suppressing ability of others to achieve it.
Social Interactionism
Sees society as the buildup of everyday typical interactions, examines relationship between individuals and society by focusing on communication. Sees the individuals as shaping their society.
Social constructionism
People actively shape their reality through interaction, therefore reality is something that is constructed not inherent. Focuses on uncovering the ways in which individuals and groups participate in the construction of their perceived reality.
Exchange theory
Rooted in economics, cost benefit analysis approach to decision making
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Asserts that people understand their world through language and that language in turn shapes how we experience our world
Social reproduction
Refers to the structures and activities in place in a society that serve to transmit and reinforce social inequality from one generation to the next
