Kaplan Ch. 3 - Learning & Memory Flashcards
What is the definition of learning?
The way in which we acquire new behaviors
What is habituation?
Repeated exposure to a new stimulus causes a decrease in response to that stimulus
What is dishabituation?
The recovery of a response to a stimulus after habituation has occurred
How do biological needs influence learning?
Animals may tend to learn behaviors based on natural abilities and instincts (or may fail to learn behaviors that are at odds with their natural instincts)
What are the 3 subdivisions of memory formation?
Encoding, storage, retrieval
What is encoding of memory?
The way in which we put new information into our memory
What are the 2 main ways that information can be encoded?
Automatic (passive) or controlled (requires input of effort)
There are 3 categories of encoding methods. What are they, from weakest method –> strongest method?
visual, acoustic, sematic
Self - reference effect
A type of semantic encoding, individual puts the new information in personal context to help them remember
Maintenance rehearsal
Repeat information to keep it in working memory or to store it effectively
Method of loci
Associates items on a list with a location along a route that is already memorized (i.e. if I were to associate the 3rd non polar amino acid on my list with a location in research north)
Peg word
Associates numbers with items in a list that rhyme or resemble the numbers
Mnemonics
Groups items from a large list into elements with meaning
What are the 4 categories of stored memory?
sensory, short term, working, long term
Complete these sentences:
- Sensory memory is ___ in duration.
- Sensory memory is subdivided into __ and __.
- Sensory memory is maintained by __ and __.
- Shortest
- Auditory and visual memory
- The auditory and visual complexes.