Random Exam 2 Info Flashcards
which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of testosterone?
a. stimulation of erythrocyte production
b. deepening of the voice
c. increase in lean body mass
d. increase in HDL levels
e. growth of beard hair
d. increase in HDL levels
which of the following is NOT an indication for antiandrogens?
a. benign prostatic hyperplasia
b. endometriosis
c. prostatic carcinoma
d. excessive sexual drive in men
b. endometriosis
The inhibition of the first step of the steroid synthesis by a drug will decrease the levels of all steroid hormones. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes this step?
a. 17,20-lyase
b. P450scc
c. 17a-hydroxylase
b. 21B-hydroxylase
b. P450scc
Which of the following enzymes converts testosterone to a more potent androgen in the target tissues?
a. 21-hydroxylase
b. 17a-hydroxylase
c. aromatase
d. 5a-reductase
d. 5a-reductase
select an incorrect pair of a drug and its property
a. methyltestosterone: orally active androgen
b. testosterone cypionate: androgen for intramuscular injection
c. flutamide: non-steroidal antiandrogen
d. finasteride: 5a-reductase inhibitor
e. spironolactone: anabolic steroid
e. spironolactone: anabolic steroid
Which of the following modes of cell-cell communication has the shortest signal duration?
a. endocrine
b. juxtacrine
c. paracrine
d. autocrine
e. neuronal
e. neuronal
which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of androgens in women?
a. amenorrhea
b. hirsutism
c. gynecomastia
d. acne
c. gynecomastia
What is the effect of the 17a-ethinyl group on the property of Ethinyl estradiol?
a. prevention of conversion of estrone
b. gaining of SERM activity
c. decrease in oral bioavailability
d. gaining of antiestrogenic activity
a. prevention of conversion of estrone
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the menstrual cycle?
a. in the early follicular phase, estrogen suppresses production of FSH
b. in the late follicular phase, estrogen stimulates the surge of LH and FSH
c. If pregnancy does not occur, production of estrogen and progesterone by corpus luteum declines
d. in the luteal phase, both estrogen and progesterone stimulate the production of LH and FSH
d. in the luteal phase, both estrogen and progesterone stimulate the production of LH and FSH
Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of estrogens?
a. stromal development and ductal growth in breast
b. enhancement of coagulability of blood
c. increase rate of resorption of bone
d. development of endometrial lining during menstrual cycle
c. increase rate of resorption of bone
Which of the following estrogens can be used for depot injection due to its slow absorption?
a. mestranol
b. quinestrol
c. estradiol valerate
d. ethinyl estradiol
c. estradiol valerate
which of the following is NOT a side effect of estrogens?
a. hot flashes
b. endometrial carcinoma
c. uterine bleeding
d. breast cancer
a. hot flashes
_________ is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to treat breast cancer
a. ethinyl estradiol
b. tamoxifen
c. diethyl stilbesterol
d. clomiphene
b. tamoxifen
Which of the following is a conjugated estrogen existing in a mixture of estrogens in Premarin?
a. ethinyl estradiol
b. equilin sulfate
c. metranol
d. estradiol cypionate
b. equilin sulfate
Which of the following SERMs is used to stimulate ovulation?
a. clomiphene
b. raloxifene
c. toremifene
d. tamoxifen
a. clomiphene
which of the following is NOT an aromatase inhibitor?
a. letrozole
b. exemestane
c. anastrazole
d. fulvestrant
d. fulvestrant
Which of the following is an antiestrogenic activity of raloxifene?
a. decreases LDL levels in blood
b. decrease risk for breast cancer
c. increases risk for blood clots
d. prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
b. decrease risk for breast cancer
Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of androgen-like progestins
a. acne
b. hirsutism
c. venous thromboembolic disease
d. weight gain
c. venous thromboembolic disease
Which is INCORRECT about the physiologic effects of progesterone?
a. decreases basal insulin levels & insulin response to glucose
b. causes maturation of endometrium following ovulation
c. causes a decrease in Na+ reabsorption
d. promotes glycogen storage in liver
a. decreases basal insulin levels & insulin response to glucose
What is the benefit of use of progestins in combination with estrogens?
a. Prevents acne
b. Increases efficacy of estrogens
c. Prevents breast cancer
d. Prevents uterine bleeding & endometrial carcinoma
d. Prevents uterine bleeding & endometrial carcinoma
what is the active component of Plan B?
a. mifepristone
b. ulipristal acetate
c. levonorgestrel
d. ethinyl estradiol
c. levonorgestrel
Which of the following is CORRECT about the physiological effects of glucocorticoids?
a. Inhibit the production of eicosanoids
b. Promote synthesis of cytokines
c. Increase protein synthesis in muscle
d. Suppress lipolysis in adipose tissues
a. Inhibit the production of eicosanoids
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Cushing’s disease?
a. Opportunistic infections
b. Osteoporosis
c. Extreme weakness
d. Easy bruising
c. Extreme weakness
A patient has abnormally high levels of ACTH due to pituitary carcinoma. What would be the corresponding effect on the patient’s corticosteroid levels?
a. Increase in cortisol and increase in aldosterone
b. Decrease in cortisol and increase in aldosterone
c. Increase in cortisol and no change in aldosterone
d. Decrease in cortisol and no change in aldosterone
c. Increase in cortisol and no change in aldosterone
Cessation of long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy can lead to ____.
a. Cushing’s symptoms
b. Ectopic production of ACTH
c. Tumors in the adrenal cortex
d. Addisonian symptoms
d. Addisonian symptoms
Which of the following glucocorticoids is a long-acting glucocorticoid?
a. Prednisone
b. Cortisol
c. Dexamethasone
c. Dexamethasone
Which of the following corticosteroids is used in the minerlocorticoid replacement therapy?
a. Betamethasone
b. Prednisone
c. Triamcinolone acetonide
d. Fludrocortisone
d. Fludrocortisone
Which of the following glucocorticoids is NOT used as an inhaled glucocorticoid?
a. Flunisolide
b. Prednisone
c. Triamcinolone acetonide
d. Fluticasone propionate
b. Prednisone
Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of glucocorticoids?
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Steroid myopathy
c. Moon face
d. Cataract
a. hypoglycemia
which of the following is a hypothalamic hormone?
a. ACTH
b. growth hormone
c. FSH
d. somatostatin
d. somatostatin
Which of the following is a clinical use of non-pulsatile continuous administration of GnRH?
a. Induction of ovulation
b. Stimulation of gonadotropin release
c. Suppression of LH surge
d. Stimulation of androgen synthesis
c. Suppression of LH surge
Which of the following is an GnRH receptor antagonist?
a. Desmopressin
b. Degarelix
c. Leuprolide
d. Nafarelin
b. Degarelix
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about hCG?
a. It is extracted and purified from the urine of pregnant women
b. It is produced during pregnancy
c. It is a pituitary hormone
d. Its activity is nearly identical to that of LH
c. it is a pituitary hormone
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of growth hormone deficiency?
a. Acromegaly
b. Short stature
c. Adiposity in childhood
d. Hypoglycemia
a. Acromegaly
which of the following is a posterior pituitary hormone?
a. LH
b. TSH
c. Prolactin
d. Vasopressin
d. Vasopressin
hyperprolactinemia can be treated with __________
a. dopamine agonists
b. GnRH antagonists
c. SERMs
d. Antiandrogens
a. dopamine agonists
which of the following hormones can be used for labor induction?
a. GnRH
b. hCG
c. oxytocin
d. prolactin
c. oxytocin
Which of the following is INCORRECT about desmopressin?
a. It has a much higher vasopressor to antidiuretic activity than that of vasopressin
b. It is a synthetic analog of vasopressin
c. It can be used to treat pituitary diabetes insipidus
d. It has a longer half-life than vasopressin
a. It has a much higher vasopressor to antidiuretic activity than that of vasopressin
Which of the following is a mixture of FSH and LH?
a. Lutropin a
b. Urofollitropin
c. hCG
d. Menotropin
d. Menotropin
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT on the action of the eicosanoids?
a. PGE2 dilates blood vessels
b. PGF2a dilates bronchi
c. PGI2 inhibits platelet aggregation
d. TXA2 promotes platelet aggregation
b. PGF2a dilates bronchi
Aspirin use before surgery or tooth extraction is contraindicated bc aspirin increases the risk of bleeding by inhibition of ___ synthesis in ___.
a. PGI2, platelets
b. PGI2; vascular endothelia
c. TXA2; platelets
d. TXA2; vascular endothelia
c. TXA2; platelets
Which of the following drugs can be used together w/ NSAIDs to prevent gastric ulcers?
a. Alprostadil
b. Misoprostol
c. Latanoprost
d. Prostacyclin
b. Misoprostol
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about NSAIDs?
a. Most NSAIDs inhibit both COX1 and COX2
b. NSAIDs reduce synthesis of prostaglandins
c. NSAIDs reduce synthesis of leukotrienes
d. NSAIDs reduce pain, fever, inflammation
c. NSAIDs reduce synthesis of leukotrienes
Which of the following NSAIDs is suitable for a long-term use to treat chronic inflammation due to less GI side effects?
a. Sulindac
b. Indomethacin
c. Aspirin
d. Ketorolac
a. Sulindac
Select the most potent NSAID out of the following drugs
a. Aspirin
b. Ibuprofen
c. Indomethacin
d. Naproxen
c. Indomethacin
Select the NSAID that is suitable only for a short-term management of moderate to severe pain
a. Sulindac
b. Naproxen
c. Diclofenac
d. Ketorolac
a. Ketorolac
which of the following NSAIDs is a selective COX2 inhibitor?
a. aspirin
b. celecoxib
c. indomethacin
d. ketorolac
b. celecoxib
Which of the following statements is CORRECT about acetaminophen?
a. It is an NSAID
b. Overdosing may cause liver damage
c. It is associated with Reye’s disease
d. It suppresses blood coagulation
b. Overdosing may cause liver damage
A 17a-hydroxylase deficiency will most likely lead to increased levels of which steroid hormone?
a. aldosterone
b. cortisol
c. testosterone
d. estradiol
a. aldosterone
you would expect an increase in __________ and a decrease in __________ with 21a-hydroxylase deficiency?
a. testosterone/estrogen, aldosterone/cortisol
b. progesterone, aldosterone/cortisol
c. aldosterone/cortisol, testosterone/estrogen
d. all steroid hormone synthesis would decrease
c. aldosterone/cortisol, testosterone/estrogen
progesterone function in menstrual cycle
maintains the uterine lining
describe the difference in the mechanism of action of acetaminophen from that of NSAIDs
acetaminophen blocks productions of prostaglandins in the CNS; NSAIDs block the activity of COX enzymes, which are responsible for the production of prostaglandins
describe the difference in the mechanism of action of acetaminophen from that of NSAIDs
acetaminophen blocks productions of prostaglandins in the CNS; NSAIDs block the activity of COX enzymes, which are responsible for the production of prostaglandins, in both the CNS and throughout the body
what enzyme would we inhibit to treat gynecomastia?
aromatase