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PHRM 825 Therapeutics > Final Exam - Dermatology > Flashcards

Final Exam - Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

what patients are at highest risk for dry skin (xerosis)

a. kids under 5
b. kids from 5-10
c. adults aged 20-30
d. elderly patients

A

d. elderly patients

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2
Q

emollients are the ____ line for itching associated with dry skin (xerosis)

A

first

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3
Q

4 agents to reduce itching for dry skin

A

-menthol and camphor
-pramoxine
-aluminum acetate
-hydrocortisone

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4
Q

true or false: aluminum acetate alters C-fiber nerve transmission

A

true

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5
Q

dermatitis occurs ____ to ____ hours after exposure to poison ivy

A

24 to 48

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6
Q

treatment of acute dermatitis: avoid ___ _____ because they do not provide tx for long enough period of time

A

dose packs

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7
Q

true or false: for acute dermatitis we should start with prednisone 10-20 mg per day

A

false (40-60 mg)

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8
Q

atopic dermatitis is the most common form of _____

A

eczema

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9
Q

what is the atopic triad?

A

-atopic dermatitis
-asthma
-allergic rhinitis

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10
Q

2 common triggers for atopic dermatitis (they were in bold)

A

detergents
infections

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11
Q

for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, we can use ____-potency TCS BID for up to 3 days beyond clearance of lesions

A

medium

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12
Q

what is occlusion?

A

blockage or closing of an opening, blood vessel, or hollow organ

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13
Q

true or false: topical corticosteroids can cause tachyphylaxis

A

true

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14
Q

betamethasone dipropionate OINTMENT is in which class of topical corticosteroids?

A

very high potency (class 1)

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15
Q

betamethasone dipropionate CREAM is in which class of topical corticosteroids?

A

high potency (class 2)

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16
Q

betamethasone dipropionate LOTION is in which class of topical corticosteroids?

A

mid potency (classes 3-5)

(mid potency is where most patients start therapy)

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17
Q

why shouldn’t you use betamethasone dipropionate ointment on the face?

A

due to vasoconstriction

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18
Q

topical calcineurin inhibitors MOA

A

blocks pro-inflammatory cytokine genes

(can be used on any area)

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19
Q

topical calcineurin inhibitors are now consideted ____-line tx, and long-term use can cause risk of respiratory infection in children < ____ years old

A

2nd; 2

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20
Q

crisaborole 2% ointment is an alternative to TCS and TCIs. What is its MOA?

A

PDE-4 inhibitor (non-steroidal)

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21
Q

dupilumab (dupixent) MOA for mod-severe atopic dermatitis

A

human monoclonal antibody against IL-4 receptor alpha; inhibits signaling of IL-4 and IL-13

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22
Q

upadacitinib (Rinvoq) MOA

A

JAK inhibitor

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23
Q

how should Rinvoq be dosed?

A

15 mg to 30 mg PO once daily

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24
Q

ruxolitinib (Opzelura 1.5% cream) is for mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. What is its MOA?

A

JAK inhibitor

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25
Q

____ have more severe acne during puberty

a. males
b. females

A

a. males

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26
Q

____ have more severe acne during adulthood

a. males
b. females

A

b. females

27
Q

acne affects ___% of the adolescent population which corresponds to increased _____ production

A

90; androgen

28
Q

what is comedone?

A

hair follicle plugged with sebum, keratin & dead skin

29
Q

first choice for comedonal, noninflammtory acne (mild)

a. adapalene + benzoyl peroxide
b. oral isotretinoin
c. topical retinoids

A

c. topical retinoids

(especially adapalene)

30
Q

first choice for mild-moderate papulopustular inflammatory acne (2 of them)

A

adapalene + benzoyl peroxide
clindamycin + benzoyl peroxide

31
Q

first choice tx for severe papulopustular or moderate nodular acne, and for nodular or conglobate acne

A

oral isotretinoin

32
Q

MOA for adapalene (2)

A

-retinoid
-regulate epithelia cell growth

33
Q

MOA for tazorotene and tretinoin topical

A

retinoid

34
Q

MOA for azelaic acid topical therapy (2)

A

-antibacterial
-keratolytic

(azelaic acid is adjunct)

35
Q

MOA for benzoyl peroxide (3)

A

-antibacterial
-comedolytic/keratolytic
-anti-inflammatory

36
Q

MOA for clindamycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin + BP topical therapy

A

topical antibiotic

37
Q

true or false: we need to worry about tolerance for topical antibiotics

A

false

(only have to worry about tolerance for oral antibiotics)

38
Q

oral antibiotics for acne such as minocycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, azithromycin, and SMX/TMP are most effective when ______ is present

A

inflammation

39
Q

limit treatment of oral antibiotics for acne to ___-___ weeks, if possible

A

6-8 weeks

40
Q

oral hormone treatment for acne

A

spironolactone 100-150 mg per day

(suppresses androgen production)

41
Q

clascoterone 1% cream is an androgen receptor inhibitor for acne and is applied how often per day?

A

BID

42
Q

isotretinoin is a vitamin ___ derivative

A

A

43
Q

isotretinoin can only dispense a ___ day supply with no refills

A

30

44
Q

what is telangiectasia? (common in rosacea)

A

small widened blood vessels on the skin (permanent dilation of the blood vessels)

45
Q

who is more likely to have rosacea, men or women?

A

women

46
Q

hydralazine is a ____ that can be a trigger for rosacea

A

vasodilator

47
Q

topical meds for rosacea should be allowed to penetrate the skin for ___-___ min before applying makeup

A

5-10

48
Q

example of a topical antibiotic for mild rosacea

A

metronidazole

(apply BID)

49
Q

for rosacea, patients should minimize ___ exposure

A

sun

50
Q

psoriasis results from rapid skin growth that is ___ times faster than normal

A

7

51
Q

3 major types of psoriasis

A

plaque
scalp
psoriatic

52
Q

severe psoriasis classification is > ____% BSA

A

10

53
Q

how do keratolyics such as salicylic acid 2% treat psoriasis?

A

causes slothing of the very dry scales

54
Q

true or false: completely avoid sun exposure to treat psoriasis

A

false (can be beneficial, but not up to the point where it causes burns)

55
Q

calcipotriene/calcitriol are both vitamin ___ analogs

A

D

56
Q

high/very-high potency topical corticosteroids for psoriasis should be limited to no more than ____ grams per week

A

50

57
Q

phototherapy for psoriasis is for ____ and ____ plaques

A

limited; resistant

58
Q

which penetrates thicker lesions better in phototherapy for psoriasis: UVA or UVB

A

UVA

59
Q

apremilast MOA for psoriasis

A

PDE-4 inhibitor

60
Q

azothiaprine, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil MOA for psoriasis

A

immunosuppressants

61
Q

cyclosporine MOA for psoriasis

A

calcineurin inhibitor

62
Q

tofacitinib MOA for psoriasis arthitis

A

JAK inhibitor

63
Q

avoid use of ____ vaccines in treatment with biologic agents for psoriasis

A

live

PHRM 825 Therapeutics (25 decks)

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