Exam 1 Random Info Flashcards
True or false: Postganglionic neurons for sweat glands release ACh in stress-related excretion
False (ACh is for thermoregulation, NE is released in response to stress)
sympathomimetics mimic _____ and are considered adrenergic __________
a. ACh, antagonists
b. NE, antagonists
c. ACh, agonists
d. NE, agonists
d. NE, agonists
Activated alpha 1 receptors lead to which of the following: (there are 2 answers)
a. vasoconstriction
b. increased concentration of cAMP
c. increased conversion of GDP to GTP
d. opening of potassium channels
a. vasoconstriction
c. increased conversion of GDP to GTP
beta ___ receptors are located in the heart
1
beta 2 receptors are found in __________ muscle cells
smooth (vasodilation)
What happens as a result of activated nicotinic receptors? (2 of them)
a. the adrenal gland releases epinephrine into systemic circulation
b. adenylyl cyclase is stimulated to produce more cAMP
c. activates phospholipase C
d. sodium ions pass through into the cell membrane
a. the adrenal gland releases epinephrine into systemic circulation
d. sodium ions pass through into the cell membrane
what is the mechanism of action of vesamicol?
a. inhibit choline uptake
b. inhibit ACh release
c. inhibits vesicular storage
d. muscarinic antagonist
c. inhibits vesicular storage
True or false: an increased size of the trimethylammonium head of cholinergic agonists leads to decreased activity
true
an alpha substitution on the choline chain leads to: (2 answers)
a. decreased muscarinic activity
b. decreased nicotinic activity
c. increased nicotinic selectivity
d. increased muscarinic selectivity
a. decreased muscarinic activity
c. increased nicotinic selectivity
What structural modification makes a cholinergic agonist resistant to cholinesterases?
a. amide
b. alcohol
c. benzene
d. carbamyl
d. carbamyl
what is SLUD?
salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation
M2 receptors signal via __________ and are located in the __________
a. intracellular Ca2+ release, heart
b. cAMP decrease, smooth muscle cells
c. cAMP decrease, heart
d. cAMP increase, sympathetic postganglionic cells
c. cAMP decrease, heart
importance of tertiary amine vs quaternary amine?
tertiary amines are more lipophilic due to non-charged amine and can cross BBB
tertiary amines are useful in ___ and ___ applications
CNS and ocular
describe the difference between depolarizing and nondepolarizing nicotinic receptor antagonists
depolarizing: keeps nicotinic receptor in open state leading to persistent membrane depolarization, which is unresponsive to new impulses
nondepolarizing: competitive inhibitors of ACh
describe the effect of norepinephrine on blood pressure and heart rate
increase bp, decrease heart rate
describe the effect of epinephrine on blood pressure and heart rate
no change in bp, increase heart rate
describe the effect of isoproterenol on blood pressure and heart rate
decrease bp, increase heart rate
MOA of albuterol?
a. nonselective beta agonist
b. selective beta 2 agonist
c. selective beta 1 agonist
d. selective alpha agonist
b. selective beta 2 agonist
True or false: Increase in the amount of alkyl substituents on the amine of an adrenergic receptor agonist leads to more alpha selectivity
false
(leads to more beta selectivity)
how does an alpha substitution on the alkyl chain of adrenergic receptor agonists affect MAO oxidation?
blocks MAO oxidation
Altering the catechol ring of an adrenergic receptor agonist leads to
a. increased metabolism via esterases
b. decreased metabolism via COMT
c. decreased metabolism via MAO
d. decreased metabolism by preventing reuptake
b. decreased metabolism via COMT
quinazolines or “-zosin” drugs are
a. beta blockers
b. alpha 1 antagonists
c. alpha 2 antagonists
d. nonselective alpha antagonists
b. alpha 1 antagonists
beta 1 antagonists are considered __________-selective
cardio
MOA of reserpine?
VMAT inhibitor, prevents packaging of norepinephrine into vesicles
describe the effect of chronic beta receptor blockade
upregulation of beta receptors post synapse (so must taper dose)
sweat glands stress response, what NT is released?
norepinephrine
sweat glands thermoregulation response, what NT is released?
acetylcholine