Random ECOS Midterm learn quick info Flashcards
Red free is used to look for what when using opthalmoscope?
visualize vessels and hemorrhages, makes retina look black and white
Slit beam in opthalmoscope is used for what?
examine contour abnormalities of cornea lens and retina
Blue light in the opthalmoscope is used for what?
look for corneal abrasions and ulcers after fluorescein staining
In child <12 months how do you look in their ear?
pull outer ear down and back
In adults/ >12 months, how do you look in ears?
outer ear up and back
Which lasts longer air or bone conduction?
Air conduction
What makes up the stance phase?
- Heel strike: establish stable contact
- loading response: absorb ground reaction to weight
- mid stance –> terminal stance–> Pre-Swing: body weight carried forward
(Heel strike and pre swing the first and last parts of stance phase are double support, Middle three are single support)
What makes up the swing phase?
Toe off mid swing and terminal swing, all are single support and the goal is to clear the foot, advance the lower extremeity, and prepare lower extremity for loading
Describe ataxic gate? Include etiology, limbs affected, cause and description
- Neurologic Etiology
- Bilaterally impacts legs
- Wide base with irregular steps and lack of balance
- Can be due to drunkeness or damage to balance centers
Describe Hemiparesis gate? Include etiology, limbs affected, cause and description
- Neurologic etiology
- Unilaterally impacts one side including arm and leg
- Arm is flexed and leg is extended (circumduction)
- Due to damage to motor control of brain commonly seen in stroke patients
Describe scissor gate? Include etiology, limbs affected, cause and description
- Neurologic etiology
- bilaterally impacts legs
- leg muscles are stiff due to spasm with the knees pointing inwards causing legs and feet to cross at the midline
- Due to damge at motor part of spinal cord
Describe steppage gait/foot drop? Include etiology, limbs affected, cause and description
- Neurologic etiology
- Unilateral
- Patient will flex their knee and hip to raise their leg higher in orderf to clear their foot from the ground –> “hiking”
- Due to weakness in common fibular nerve
Describe Parkinsobnian gate? Include etiology, limbs affected, cause and description
- Neurologic etiology
- Bilateral
- Patient will have a shuffle with fenestration as well as stiff and hunched over
- Due to damage muscle tone and movement initiation center in the brain
Describe waddling/Trendelenburg gate? Include etiology, limbs affected, cause and description
- MSK etiology
- Bilateral
- patients hip will drop towards the uneffected side and torso leans towards the effected side. DUCK LIKE WADDLE
- More techinical way to say it: trunk shifts to stance leg and hip drops on swing leg
- Due to trunk and leg muscular weakness
- Gluteus minimus and medius
Describe antalgic gate? Include etiology, limbs affected, cause and description
- MSK etiology
- Unilateral
- Shorten gait to prevent putting weight on one limb, decrease the stance phase on one side
- Usually due to pain in LE causes concern for trauma, joint damage or inflammation
Osteopathic tenants?
- Body is a unit
- Body possesses self reg mechanisms
- Structure and fxn reciprocally interrelated
- Rational thetrapy is based on understanding body unity, self reg mechanisms and structure fxn relationship
Characteristics of a Chronic SD?
- Pallor
- Ropey texture
- Coolness
- Tissue contracture
- Paresthesia
- Itching
- Palpable sense of tissue dryness
Contraction vs Contracture?
Contraction is process of shortening and tightening a muscle
Contracture is abnormal or permanent contraction of a muscle
Words to describe Acute TTA vs chfronic
Acute:
- erythematouos
- Hot
- Boggy
- Edema
- Spasm
- Tissue contraction
Chronic:
- Pale/Blanching
- Cool
- Ropey
- Stringy
- Scar
- Doughey
What are the five osteopathic models?
- MSK: mm bones tendons ligaments fascia integument
- Nervous system: brain and sc
- Respiratory and Cicrulatory: cardiovascular including lymphatics, respiratory, nose throat, genitourinary
- Metabolic/Energetic/Immune: GI, Lymph organs, Endocrine organs
- Behavioral: behaviors influencing health and health decisons
What kind of end feel will a SD have?
Haard
What kind of end feel will a patient with a pinched nerve exhibit?
Crisp- involuntary muscle guarding
What kind of end feel will a patient with OA or at a hinge joint exhibit?
Abrupt
What kind of end feel will a patienet with 9/10 knee pain exhibit?
empty- stops due to voluntary guarding
patient is in pain and does not want to continue movement
Coupled motion?
motion along or about one axis with a second motion occuring about a second axis
Drop a pen from your chair you will flex torso to begin to pick up and side bend to reach pen. Movement along two different axes
What is a functional unit of the spine?
Two vertebra and their associated disc, neurovasculature and soft tissues
What is linkage?
LInk multiple structures to increase ROM
Skeletal SD?
Myofascial SD?
Arthrodial SD?
Vascular SD?
Lymphatic SD?
Neural SD?
- Hard end point
- Tight elastic end pint
- Hard end point
- Empty end feel
- Empty or boggy end feel
- Crisp or empty end feel
What are the components of soft tissue? How does it relate to Fascia?
- Fascia
- Muscles
- Organs
- Nerves/Vasculature/Lymphatic vessels
- Tendons
- Ligaments
- Aponeuroses
Fascia does not include the three bolded underlined
During MFR, if you move your hands superiorly, to the left, and right hand inferior and left superior what are you doing?
Flexion, right rotation, and Sidebending right
Where would you find the SP of T1-3 and T12?
Located at same level of corresponding TP