Eye Complaint Flashcards
1
Q
Associated symptorms for eye complaint?
A
- Vision change
- Blurry vision
- Pain
- itching burning
- Drainage
- flashing lights
2
Q
First step in an eye exam?
A
Inspect:
- Brow area
- symmetry, falling out, scaly skin
- Periorbital area
- edema bruising xanthelasma injury, exophthalamos,dacrocystitis, rash
- Lashes
- close completely?, flakiness/crusty Blepharitis, scabs, lesions, entropion or ectropion (eyelid inversion/eversion)
- Lacrimal apparatus
- COnjunctiva
- Cornea
3
Q
What are the three types of ptosis?
A
- Congenital: abesent levator,
- Marcus Gunn Jaw Winking Syndrome: no innveration from CN III to the eye so complete ptosis but does have trigeminal nerve so the eye opens up each time a child sucks on their bottle
- Mechanical: inflammation eyelid tumords, dermoid cysts
- Aponeurotic: dehiscence of aponeurosis connecting levator to eyelid
4
Q
Chalazion?
A
- Blocked meibomian glands
- Generally nontender and nonpainlful unless becomes inflammed
- In the Lid
5
Q
Hordeolum?
A
- Aka stye
- bacterial infection of the meibomian gland
- tender and painfl
- along lashline
6
Q
What is Blepharitis?
A
- Inflammation at eyelid margin caused by:
- Bacteria S.aureus
- inflammatory skin conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis
- allergens
- Symptoms:
- red wollen itchy eyes
- Gritty burning
- Excessive tearing
- Blurred vision improving with blinking
- Treatment:
- Warm compress
- Eyelid washing
- artificial tears
- topical antibiotics but reserved for pts who dont respond to tx
7
Q
Clogged tear duct?
A
- Transient very common in infants keep eye clean and warm compresss
- most infants grow out of it
8
Q
Dacrostenosis?
A
- Narrowing of nasolacrimal duct
- treat by milking duct
- some cases need opening duct with probe
9
Q
Dacrocystitis?
A
- Infections of lacrimal duct common in newborns and older people
- requires systemic antiboiotics
10
Q
Conjunctivitis?
A
- Allergic: bilarteral mild puritic clear discharge, treat with olopatadine, associated with runny nose, sneezing…
- Viral: mild moderate bilateral lsymptoms, gritty burning, clear discharge, eyes matted shut in morning treat with supportive care isolate from school-highly contagious
- Bacterial: usually unilateral with lots of purulent drainage throughout day. Drainage will reaccumulate minutes after cleaning, treat with erythromycin ointment, trimethoprim-polymyxin-B drops
- Contact lens? could be psuedomonas so get antibiotic that covers thatt
11
Q
How do you look for corneal abrasions?
A
- Flourescein stain and blue light to see the stain in the abrasion
- numb patients eye first!
- Herpes simplex keratitis:
- pathognomonic dendritic lesion- leading cause of blindness worldwide
12
Q
Arcus Senilis?
A
White ring around the iris common in 60+ yo if under 40 check cholesterol levels
13
Q
Red reflex?
A
- Lens should be clear and transparent
- appears red with pictures
14
Q
Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma?
A
- Medical Emergency
- Sudden increase in intraocular pressure due to failure of aqueous to flow from ciliary body into iridocorneal junction resulting in increased pressure
- Acute severe pain associed with decreased vision, pupil is dilated and fixed
- Opthalmologist referral!!
15
Q
Sclerae, what do different colors mean?
A
- white is normal
- Brown or grey can be birthmarks
- Blue is inherited seen frequently in brittle bone disease
- Yellow “Icterus” caused by neonatal, liver damage, pancreatic cancer, gall bladder disease
