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Emma Cardio > Random Cardio Pathophys HY > Flashcards

Random Cardio Pathophys HY Flashcards

1
Q

Which form of AV block may be physiologic?

A

mobitz I Wenckebach

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2
Q

a fib tx

A
  • anti-coagulation to prevent stroke(CHADS)
  • rate control: AV blockers, slow ventricular rate (BB, NDCCBS)
  • rhythm control (IA, IC, III)
  • Ablation
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3
Q

Vtachy/fib tx

A

acute: if hemodynamically stable –> III or IB
defibrillation/cardioversion

chronic: implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)

anti-arrhythmia med therapy for reducing freq of ICD

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4
Q

comes from one pt of ventricle - likely prior scar

A

monomorphic VT

reentrant arrhythmia

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5
Q

_____ prevents conduction through bypass tract in WPW

A

procaniamide

IA: Na/K blockade, intermediate binding/dissociation properties

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6
Q

_______ is used to tx ventricular tachycardia

A

lidocaine

IB: rapid binding/dissociation

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7
Q

_______ used to tx Afib (w/ normal heart structure)

A

Flecanide

IC: slow binding and dissociation

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8
Q

Class III

A

reverse-use dependence, greater effects at slower HR

use: a fib/flutter w/ structure abnormal heart, vfib/tachy to reduce freq of ICD discharge

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9
Q

NDCCBs

A

block AV node, SVTs, - ionotrope

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10
Q

DCCBS

A

purely vasodilators, vascular smc

HTN/chronic stable angina

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11
Q

aspirin MOA

A

blocks COX1/2 to reduce prostaglandin metabolic –> reduced thromboxane-mediated platelet aggregation

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12
Q

P2Y12 receptor blockers

A

prevent ADP-mediated platelet aggregation

can be given w/ aspirin to prevent stent thrombosis

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13
Q

nitrates + _______ = extreme vasodilation/hypotension

A

nitrates (PROD cAMP) + PDE-5 (prevent degradation of cAMP) = extreme vasodilation/hypotension

CONTRAINDICATED

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14
Q

type I infarct

A

acute thrombotic occlusion of coronary a.

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15
Q

type II infarct

A

inadequate O2 supply bc of inc O2 demand in setting of “fixed coronary blockage”

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16
Q

____ blockers worsen bundle branch blocks

A

Na chan blockers

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17
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

morbidity or mortality benefit in ASCVD?

A

both morbidity and mortality benefits in ASCVD

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18
Q

statins primary prevention when 10-yr ASVCD risk >

A

statins primary prevention when 10-yr ASVCD risk >7.5%

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19
Q

CHL drugs lowering LDL as much as possible in pts w/ established ASCVD

A

PCSK9 inhibitors

Ezetmibe

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20
Q

early afterdepolarization (EAD)

A

QT prolonging meds

class III anti-arrhythmics

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21
Q

delayed afterdepolarization (DAD)

A

digoxin toxicity

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22
Q

ST-elevation MI

EKG changes

A

acute: ST elevation
hrs: ST elevation, dec R wave, Q wave begins

days 1-2: T wave inversion, Q wave deeper

days later: ST normalizes, T wave inverted

weeks later: ST & T normal, Q wave persists

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23
Q

Inferior STEMI

A

GI sx
nitroglycerin induced hypOtension
AV node block if AV node ischemic
proximal RCA occlusion –> RV infarction

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24
Q

tx for possible VT/VF post-MI

A

defibrillator

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25
Q

tx for chronic claudication

A 
smoking cessation
m. training
PDEi (Pletal)
statin
surgery
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26
Q

aortoiliac occlusion

A

rare
presentation: limb ischemia, acute abd pain
tx: revascularization
poor prognosis

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27
Q

infrainguinal occlusion

A

more common
often embolic (fib)
tx: remove emboli, bypass obstruction
good prognosis

28
Q

aneurysm: __+% increase in diameter or vessel

A

50+%

29
Q

repair aneurysm if

A

asymptomatic >5-5.5cm

or

triad of abd/back pain, hypOtension, pulsatile abd mass

30
Q

type B aortic dissection tx

A

medical therapy

surgery only for critical tissue loss

31
Q

type A aortic dissection tx

A

urgent surgical repair

high risk rupture/death in 48 hr

32
Q

primary aortic root dilatation

A

Marfan’s, cystic medial necrosis, hypertension

–> aortic regurgitation

33
Q

tx of which valvular disease includes afterload reduction and diuretics

A

mitral regurgitation

34
Q

amyloid CM comm produces ___ HF bc compliant __ is affected more strongly

A

amyloid CM comm produces RIGHT HF bc compliant RV is affected more strongly than LV

35
Q

gradient between PA diastolic P and wedge

A 
obstructive shock 
(PE)
36
Q

harsh systolic murmur and palpable thrill

A

VSD

37
Q

ASD more commonly affect M or F?

A

F

38
Q

VSD more commonly membranous or muscular?

A

membranous

39
Q

PDA murmur

A

continuous during systole and diastole

40
Q

maternal Li use

A

PDA

Ebstein’s Anomaly

41
Q

maternal rubella

A

PDA

pulmonary a. stenosis

42
Q

Eisenmenger’s syndrome

A

ASD/PDA/VSD –> inc pulm BF damaging vasculature –> arterial remodeling that inc resistance to flow

as pulm vascular R inc, Qp:Qs dec

Qp L)

cyanosis, high risk of death
reactive polycythemia and hyperviscosity
paradoxical embolus: brain abscess 
arrhythmia, HF
hemoptysis
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (clubbing)
43
Q

TOF tx

A

Black-Taussing Shunt

full surgical correction

44
Q

coarctation of aorta more common in M or F?

A

males

45
Q

coarctation of aorta is associated w/

A

bicuspid aortic valve

PDA

46
Q

Pericarditis CP

A

CP sharp/positional, improves w/ leaning fwd, worse w/ inspiration

47
Q

pericarditis ECG

A

diffuse ST elevation not explained on basis of occluded coronary a.

PR depression

48
Q

pericarditis tx

A

NSAIDS, colchicine

49
Q

earliest stage of passive ventricular filling

A

y-descent

50
Q

blunted y-descent

A

tamponade

51
Q

prominent Y-descent

A

constrictive pericarditis

52
Q

AA for normal heart struc

A

IA, IC

53
Q

AA for abnormal heart struc

A

III

54
Q

Ablation in AVNRT

A

ablate SLOW pathway

55
Q

development of Q wave

A

infarct

56
Q

NSTEMI ekg

A

ST depression or T wave inversion

57
Q

proven clinical benefit for HF

A

ACEi
ARB
bblockers
mineral/aldo blockers

58
Q

polymorphic VT

A

wide complex tachy

  • likely from more widespread sources
  • acute ischemia, meds that prolong QT interval
  • TDP
59
Q

type B aortic dissection most commonly occur

A

just beyond L subclavian origin

60
Q

when to repair asymptomatic carotid blockage

A

when stenosis progresses >75%

61
Q

HCM leads to which type of HF

A

HF w/ preserved EF

62
Q

EF in amyloid induced restrictive CM

A

mildly dec contractility –> EF ~ 40-50%

63
Q

VSD more commonly affect M or F?

A

1:1

64
Q

PDA more commonly affect M or F?

A

F

65
Q

equal diastolic filling pressures

A

tamponade

Emma Cardio (17 decks)

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