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Emma Cardio > Random Cardio 2 > Flashcards

Random Cardio 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Homeometric regulation

A

varies contractile force by changes in maximum velocity of shortening

NOT dependent on a change in rest length

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2
Q

Starling curve

A

Heterometric

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3
Q

Why might inc HR impair coronary BF?

A

Tachycardia shortens the diastolic interval, which may impair coronary flow since these vessels are perfused during diastole.

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4
Q

What change to BP may impair coronary BF?

A

any influence that lowers aortic diastolic pressure may compromise coronary blood flow

large fraction of total coronary flow occurs during diastole, so driving pressure at the entrance of the coronary arteries during diastole is an important factor to assure adequate flow

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5
Q

baroreceptor stim

A

respond to stretch (increased BP)

dec sympathetic firing

dec BP

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6
Q

inc parasympathetic stim

venous changes

A

inc venous capacitance

dec venous return

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7
Q

isoproterenol

A

non-specific B-agonist used in tx of bradycardia

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8
Q

“post-conversion pause”

A

Atrial fibrillation and sinus node dysfunction often coexist

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9
Q

rheumatic endocarditis lesions

A

Adherent, sterile, located at the closure margins and small and regular.

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10
Q

____ are the two most common causes of acquired valvular disease.

A

Calcific aortic stenosis and mitral valve prolapse

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11
Q

hypercoaguable state
adenoCA

–>

A

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis

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12
Q

An anterolateral infarct indicates occlusion of which vessel?

A

LAD

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13
Q

The more severe the aortic stenosis, the ___ the murmur peaks.

A

later

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14
Q

large V wave

A

mitral regurg

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15
Q

endothelin

A

powerful vasoconstrictor

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16
Q

CK-MB returns to baseline

A

3-4 d

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17
Q

troponin returns to baseline

A

10 d

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18
Q

contraindicated in NSTEMI tx

A

lytic therapy (alteplase (tPA), reteplase (rPA) and tenekteplase (TNK-tPA))

transfer to Cath lab
IV heparin
aspirin

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19
Q

aspirin is approved for use in prevent CVD in which pt

A

aspirin is used for the secondary prevention of CAD and when the 10 year risk of ASCVD exceeds 10%

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20
Q

b-blocker to avoid in angina

A

acebutolol (intrinsic sympathetic activity)

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21
Q

type a dissection

A

proximal, more common

tx: surgical

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22
Q

type b dissection

A

descending, but can propagate up

tx: control HTN/sx. surgery has HIGH MORTALITY

23
Q

most comm EKG abnormality in acute chagas

A

RBBB

24
Q

hematoxyphil bodies

A

Libman sacks (SLE)

25
Q

The aldosterone antagonists spironolactone and eplerenone have been shown to significantly reduce the mortality of patients with

A

heart failure and reduced LVEF

26
Q

BNP

A 
vasodilator
promotes diuresis (favorable in HF)
27
Q

Kussmal’s

A

Konstrictive Pericarditis

inc JVP w/ inspiration, ventricle cannot accept inc VR

28
Q

brisk y descent

A

Constrictive pericarditis

rapid relaxation and suction of right atrium

29
Q

LE edema

tamponade or constrictive pericarditis?

A

Constrictive pericarditis

30
Q

rapid x descent

A

tamponade

31
Q

blunted y descent

A

tamponade

32
Q

CHADS score

A

risk fx for stroke in afib pt

CHF
HTN
Age >75
diabetes 
S2, stroke
33
Q

L axis deviation

A

-30 - -90

34
Q

R axis deviation

A

+90 - +180

35
Q

lidocaine does not have a significant effect on

A

AV nodal conduction

36
Q

P waves inverted in II, III, aVF

A

ectopic atrial arrhythmia

37
Q

Trifascicular block

A

first degree AV block, RBBB and LAFB

38
Q

foam cell

A

macrophage, smc

39
Q

fixed split S2

A

ASD

inc BF on R side of heart

40
Q

L –> R shunt

L vs R sided COP?

A

Left cardiac output < right cardiac output

41
Q

small quiet heart

A

constrictive pericarditis

42
Q

Which malignancies are particularly likely to metastasize to heart?

A

malignant melanomas

43
Q

tumors comm assoc w/ cardiac involvement

A 
malignant melanoma
lung
breast
soft tissue sarcoma
renal
esophageal
hepatocellular
thyroid
44
Q

shock w/ highest pulm a. O2 saturation

A

septic shock

non-specific arterial vasodilation and elevated cardiac output such that less oxygen is extracted by peripheral tissues than normal leading to a higher oxygen saturation

45
Q

Matrix metalloproteinases degrade ____ support that prevents a plaque from rupturing.

A

collagen

46
Q

A statin (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor) is recommended when the 10-year ASCVD risk is greater than

A

7.5%

47
Q

congenital rubella

A

PA stenosis

PDA

48
Q

Beck’s triad

A

elevated JVP
hypOtension
muffled heart sounds

49
Q

most comm cause of new systolic HFrEF

A

ischemic heart disease

50
Q

increase in oxygen saturation between the mixed venous sample (from the vena cava or right atrium) and the pulmonary artery is caused by

A

VSD

51
Q

HR < __ indicates bradycardia

A

60

52
Q

ST segment depression in V4-V6 with a biphasic T-wave

A

LVH

53
Q

diffuse left ventricular impulse

A

DCM

54
Q

monomorphic VT

A

old scar caused by an MI prod a reentrant arrhythmia

Emma Cardio (17 decks)

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