Random Cardio 2

Question 1

Homeometric regulation

Answer 1

varies contractile force by changes in maximum velocity of shortening

NOT dependent on a change in rest length

Question 2

Starling curve

Answer 2

Heterometric

Question 3

Why might inc HR impair coronary BF?

Answer 3

Tachycardia shortens the diastolic interval, which may impair coronary flow since these vessels are perfused during diastole.

Question 4

What change to BP may impair coronary BF?

Answer 4

any influence that lowers aortic diastolic pressure may compromise coronary blood flow

large fraction of total coronary flow occurs during diastole, so driving pressure at the entrance of the coronary arteries during diastole is an important factor to assure adequate flow

Question 5

baroreceptor stim

Answer 5

respond to stretch (increased BP)

dec sympathetic firing

dec BP

Question 6

inc parasympathetic stim

venous changes

Answer 6

inc venous capacitance

dec venous return

Question 7

isoproterenol

Answer 7

non-specific B-agonist used in tx of bradycardia

Question 8

“post-conversion pause”

Answer 8

Atrial fibrillation and sinus node dysfunction often coexist

Question 9

rheumatic endocarditis lesions

Answer 9

Adherent, sterile, located at the closure margins and small and regular.

Question 10

____ are the two most common causes of acquired valvular disease.

Answer 10

Calcific aortic stenosis and mitral valve prolapse

Question 11

hypercoaguable state
adenoCA

–>

Answer 11

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis

Question 12

An anterolateral infarct indicates occlusion of which vessel?

Answer 12

LAD

Question 13

The more severe the aortic stenosis, the ___ the murmur peaks.

Answer 13

later

Question 14

large V wave

Answer 14

mitral regurg

Question 15

endothelin

Answer 15

powerful vasoconstrictor

Question 16

CK-MB returns to baseline

Answer 16

3-4 d

Question 17

troponin returns to baseline

Answer 17

10 d

Question 18

contraindicated in NSTEMI tx

Answer 18

lytic therapy (alteplase (tPA), reteplase (rPA) and tenekteplase (TNK-tPA))

transfer to Cath lab
IV heparin
aspirin

Question 19

aspirin is approved for use in prevent CVD in which pt

Answer 19

aspirin is used for the secondary prevention of CAD and when the 10 year risk of ASCVD exceeds 10%

Question 20

b-blocker to avoid in angina

Answer 20

acebutolol (intrinsic sympathetic activity)

Question 21

type a dissection

Answer 21

proximal, more common

tx: surgical

Question 22

type b dissection

Answer 22

descending, but can propagate up

tx: control HTN/sx. surgery has HIGH MORTALITY

Question 23

most comm EKG abnormality in acute chagas

Answer 23

RBBB

Question 24

hematoxyphil bodies

Answer 24

Libman sacks (SLE)

Question 25

The aldosterone antagonists spironolactone and eplerenone have been shown to significantly reduce the mortality of patients with

Answer 25

heart failure and reduced LVEF

Question 26

BNP

Answer 26

``` vasodilator promotes diuresis (favorable in HF) ```

Question 27

Kussmal's

Answer 27

Konstrictive Pericarditis inc JVP w/ inspiration, ventricle cannot accept inc VR

Question 28

brisk y descent

Answer 28

Constrictive pericarditis rapid relaxation and suction of right atrium

Question 29

LE edema tamponade or constrictive pericarditis?

Answer 29

Constrictive pericarditis

Question 30

rapid x descent

Answer 30

tamponade

Question 31

blunted y descent

Answer 31

tamponade

Question 32

CHADS score

Answer 32

risk fx for stroke in afib pt ``` CHF HTN Age >75 diabetes S2, stroke ```

Question 33

L axis deviation

Answer 33

-30 - -90

Question 34

R axis deviation

Answer 34

+90 - +180

Question 35

lidocaine does not have a significant effect on

Answer 35

AV nodal conduction

Question 36

P waves inverted in II, III, aVF

Answer 36

ectopic atrial arrhythmia

Question 37

Trifascicular block

Answer 37

first degree AV block, RBBB and LAFB

Question 38

foam cell

Answer 38

macrophage, smc

Question 39

fixed split S2

Answer 39

ASD | inc BF on R side of heart

Question 40

L --> R shunt L vs R sided COP?

Answer 40

Left cardiac output < right cardiac output

Question 41

small quiet heart

Answer 41

constrictive pericarditis

Question 42

Which malignancies are particularly likely to metastasize to heart?

Answer 42

malignant melanomas

Question 43

tumors comm assoc w/ cardiac involvement

Answer 43

``` malignant melanoma lung breast soft tissue sarcoma renal esophageal hepatocellular thyroid ```

Question 44

shock w/ highest pulm a. O2 saturation

Answer 44

septic shock non-specific arterial vasodilation and elevated cardiac output such that less oxygen is extracted by peripheral tissues than normal leading to a higher oxygen saturation

Question 45

Matrix metalloproteinases degrade ____ support that prevents a plaque from rupturing.

Answer 45

collagen

Question 46

A statin (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor) is recommended when the 10-year ASCVD risk is greater than

Answer 46

7.5%

Question 47

congenital rubella

Answer 47

PA stenosis | PDA

Question 48

Beck's triad

Answer 48

elevated JVP hypOtension muffled heart sounds

Question 49

most comm cause of new systolic HFrEF

Answer 49

ischemic heart disease

Question 50

increase in oxygen saturation between the mixed venous sample (from the vena cava or right atrium) and the pulmonary artery is caused by

Answer 50

VSD

Question 51

HR < __ indicates bradycardia

Answer 51

60

Question 52

ST segment depression in V4-V6 with a biphasic T-wave

Answer 52

LVH

Question 53

diffuse left ventricular impulse

Answer 53

DCM

Question 54

monomorphic VT

Answer 54

old scar caused by an MI prod a reentrant arrhythmia