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Emma Cardio > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

Normal QRS axis

A

-30 and +100

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2
Q

PR interval

A

120-200 ms (3-5 small boxes)

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3
Q

QRS interval

A

<80 ms (2 small boxes or less)

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4
Q

QT interval

A

<1/2 R-R interval

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5
Q

QTC

A

QT int/sq rt(R-R)

~400 ms

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6
Q

PR interval boundaries

A

from start of P to start of Q

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7
Q

narrow PR

A

pre-excitation

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8
Q

Prolonged PR

A

more than one big box

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9
Q

LVH

A

inc QRS amp

amp of S-wave (v1) + R-wave (V5. V6) >35mm (7 big boxes)
OR
amp of R-wave in aVL >11mm
OR
amp of R-wave in l>15mm
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10
Q

Inc QRS

A

LVH

(systemic HTN
AV stenosis
HCM)

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11
Q

dynamic ST elevation

A

acute MI

pericarditis

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12
Q

stable ST elevation

A

LV aneurysm, LBBB

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13
Q

sudden ST depression

A

sudden myocardium ischemia

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14
Q

chronic ST depression

A

LVH

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15
Q

anterior STEMI

A

leads
I
aVL
V2-V4

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16
Q

inferior STEMI

A

leads
II
III
aVF

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17
Q

T wave inversion

A

recent bout of myocardial ischemia

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18
Q

first degree AV block

A

PR int > 200 ms

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19
Q

progressive inc PR then non-conducted

A

second degree AV block
Mobitz I AV block
Wenkebach

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20
Q

fixed PR then non-conducted

A

second degree AV block

Mobitz II

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21
Q

regular R-R intervals
varying P waves
narrow QRS

A

third degree AV block
complete block
w/ AV escape

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22
Q

regular R-R intervals
varying P waves
wide QRS

A

third degree AV block
complete block
w/ ventricle escape (UNSTABLE)

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23
Q

QRS >120 ms

sinus or supra ventricular rhythm

A

RBBB or LBBB

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24
Q

QRS >120 ms
sinus or supra ventricular rhythm
RsR’ (V1-2)

A

RBBB

rabbit ears

25
Q

QRS >120 ms
sinus or supra ventricular rhythm
negative wave in V1

A

LBBB

26
Q

preceded by P-wave
usu narrow QRS
may not conduct to ventricle
resets SA

A

supraventricular PAC

27
Q

no p-wave
wide QRS
may not conduct to atrium
usu no effect on SA

A

ventricular PVC

28
Q

bigeminy

A

alternating normal beat and premature beat

29
Q

irregularly irregular

A

A-fib

30
Q

saw-tooth

A

atrial flutter

saw tooth=p’s

31
Q

AV reciprocating Tacyhcardia

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

A

“Bypass tract”: connecting atria to ventricle

“preexcitation” of ventricle by bypass track (in addition to activation by AV node pathway)

32
Q

____ tachyarrhythmias are responsive to electrical cardioversion

A

ventricular

33
Q

monomorphic VT

A

wide complex tachycardia, similar QRS

wide bc VT lacks coordinate electrical activities of ventricles

reentry arrhythmia from one area of ventricle (often prior myovcardial infection scar)

34
Q

polymorphic VT

A

wide complex tachycardia, variable QRS

acute ischemia, meds that prolong QT

can progress to Vfib

TORSADES DE POINTES

drugs, dec K/Mg, congenital abnml

Tx: Mg sulfate

35
Q

SVT w/ aberrancy

A

can have wide QRS if BBB

AV association (P before QRS)

36
Q

wide QRS (>120ms) can be

A

V tach (monomorphic or polymorphic)

or

supraventricular w/ BBB

37
Q

first degree AV block tx

A

benign, no tx needed

38
Q

lyme disease

A

AV blocks

39
Q

P waves and QRS complex dissociation

atria rate>ventricle rate

A

complete AV block

40
Q

delta wave

short PR

A

WPW

41
Q

wide complex
irregular
tachycardic

A

a fib in WPW

42
Q

torsade de pointes

A

ventricular tachycardia w/ prolonged QT

triggered by a PVC at this time

43
Q

muscle weakness

U waves

A

hypOkalemia

44
Q

hypERkalemia

A

peaked T waves

45
Q

peaked T waves

A

hypERkalemia

46
Q

confusion
vol depletion
short QT

A

hypERcalcemia

47
Q

muscle spasms
tetany
prolonged QT

A

hypOcalcemia

48
Q

if sinus pause >3 sec

A

pacemaker

no med therapy options

49
Q

acute MI EKG

A

ST elevation

50
Q

hrs after STEMI EKG

A

ST elevation
dec R wave
Q wave begins

51
Q

days 1-2 post MI EKG

A

T wave inversion

Q wave deeper

52
Q

days after MI

A

ST normalizes

T wave inverted

53
Q

weeks after MI

A

ST and T normal

Q wave persists

54
Q

circumnavigating tricuspid valve annulus

A

a flutter

55
Q

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

A
  • regular tachycardia (typically narrow QRS complex)
  • sudden onset/offset
  • P waves may be hidden in the QRS complex or buried in ST segment
  • AVNRT
  • AVRT
56
Q

AVNRT

A
  • reentrant arrhythmia contained within the AV node
  • fast path (slow repolarization)
  • slow path (fast repolarization)
  • wave arrives at AV node while fast path has not yet depolarized, so wave travels down slow but then reenters fast and goes up.
  • activation of ventricles and atria each time process repeats

terminates via block of AV node (vagal maneuvers or adenosine)

57
Q

AVRT

A
  • caused by “bypass tract” connecting atria to ventricle (WPW)
  • “preexcitation” of ventricle
  • accessory path of myocardial fibers exists that traverses the AV groove acting as a parallel conduction system
  • usu ORTHODROMIC (narrow QRS) —-> impulses go down AV and depolarize ventricle, then return to atrium retrograde via bypass tract (impulse going ventricle –> atria) and activating atrium. AV node activate and process repeats.
  • rarely antegrade (antidromic)
  • NO decremental conduction properties characteristic of the AV node –> shortened PR
58
Q

most feared complication of WPW

A

a fib

Emma Cardio (17 decks)

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