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1
Q

Causes of hyperandrogenism in women

A 
PCOS
CAH
Ovarian/adrenal tumors
Hyperprolactinemia
Cushing Syndrome
Acromegaly
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2
Q

*** Added to pt with Metformin failure, SE of weight gain and hypoglycemia

A

Sulfonylureas

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3
Q

*** DM med with SE of weight gain, edema, CHF, bone fracture, bladder cancer

A

Pioglitazones

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4
Q

*** DM med that is weight neutral

A

DPP-IV inhibitors (sitagliptin)

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5
Q

DM med for someone who desire weight LOSS

A

GLP1receptor agonist

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6
Q

DPP-IV inhibitors (sitagliptin) is weight _____

A

neutral

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7
Q

Pt has inadequate mgmt of DM on Metformin and desires rx that will help him lose weight

A

GLP1 receptor agonist

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8
Q

These two non-insulin DM rx achieve the greatest A1C control

A

Metformin and Sulfonylurea

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9
Q

Two SE of insulin

A

Risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain

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10
Q

*** How can chronic GI disease affect Ca, Ph, Vit D and Parathyroid hormone

A

Chronic GI disease can lead to Vit D deficiency, which is needed for Ca and Ph absorption. With low Vit D, Ca and Ph become low and PTH increases.

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11
Q

Stimulation of TSH receptors by thyrotropin-receptor antibodies

A

Graves disease

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12
Q

Can estrogen in OCP, HRT, and pregnancy increase the level of T4-binding globulin resulting in ELEVATED total thyroid hormone levels but normal TSH?

A

Yes

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13
Q

*** Other name for a beta cell tumor

A

Insulinoma - pt with hypoglycemia and high c-peptide

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14
Q

F and ST in pt taking antithyroid medication

A

STOP rx - agranulocytosis

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15
Q

Infertility, decreased libido, impotence, gynecomastia in men

A

Prolactinoma

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16
Q

Autonomous production of thyroid hormones

A

Toxic adenoma

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17
Q

High titers of _____ antibodies are present in Hashimotos and confer increased risk of miscarriage

A

anti-TPO

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18
Q

*** ______ is an important cause of hypocalcemia, particularly in alcoholics

A

Hypomagnesemia

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19
Q

Pt comes in with recent virilization and you suspect a tumor. What labs?

A

Testosterone and DHEAS level
elevated T and normal DHEAS = ovarian
opposite = adrenal source

20
Q

Pt has a pheochromocytoma. What to give them before beta blockade?

A

alpha adrenergic block like phenoxybenzamine

21
Q

Flushing, lethargy, N/V, muscle weakness/cramps, watery diarrhea, low potassium, pancreatic tail tumor

A

VIPoma

22
Q

VIPoma + hyperparathyroidism

A

MEN syndromes

23
Q

Flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm, tumor in small intestine

A

carcinoid tumor

24
Q

Causes of osteomalacia

A 
VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY: 
malabsorption
bypass
celiac sprue
chronic liver or kidney disease
25
Q

Decreased bone density with thinning of cortex, pseudofractures, impaired osteoid matrix mineralization, vitamin D deficiency

A

Osteomalacia

26
Q

Old pt with T2DM found altered with BG > 1000.

A

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state - FIRST HYDRATE with NS, then IV INSULIN, supplement with POTASSIUM as needed

27
Q

2nd step after Metformin, SE of weight gain and hypoglycemia

A

Sulfonylureas

28
Q

DM rx with SE of weight gain, edema, CHF, bone fracture, bladder cancer

A

Pioglitazones

29
Q

These two non-insulin DM medications acheive the greatest A1C control

A

Metformin and Sulfonylurea

30
Q

Two SE of insulin

A

risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain

31
Q

how can chronic GI disease affect Ca, Ph, Vit D and Parathyroid hormone

A

Chronic GI losses can lead to vitamin D deficiency, which is needed for Ca and Ph absorption. With low Vit D, Ca and Ph becomes low and as a result PTH increases.

32
Q

stimulation of TSH receptors by thyrotropin-receptor antibodies

A

Graves disease

33
Q

Can estrogen in OCP, HRT, and pregnancy increase the level of T4-binding globulin resulting in ELEVATED total thyroid hormone levels but normal TSH?

A

Yes

34
Q

Tther name for a beta cell tumor

A

insulinoma - someone with hypoglycemia and high c-peptide

35
Q

High titers of _____ antibodies are present in Hashimotos and have increased risk of miscarriage

A

anti-TPO

36
Q

______ is an important cause of hypocalcemia, particularly in alcoholics

A

hypomagnesemia

37
Q

Arthritis, reduced chest expansion and spinal mobility, tenderness at tendon sites, dactylitis, uveitis

A

AS

38
Q

< 40 years old, back pain relieved with exercise, elevated ESR and CRP, HLA-B27

A

AS

39
Q

What labs and imaging for AS?

A

XR of SI joint, labs with ESR, CRP, BLA-B27

40
Q

AS complications

A

osteoporosis and vertebral fracture
Aortic regurgitation
Cauda equina

41
Q

Young, oral apthous ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis, erythema nodosus, thrombosis

A

Behcet disease

42
Q

Will biopsy of vessels in Behcet disease show nonspecific vasculitis?

A

yes

43
Q

Pathergy in Behcet disease

A

exaggerated skin response

44
Q

Reactive arthritis (uveitis, arthritis, oral ulcerations) typically follows these two types of infections

A

GI or GU illness

45
Q

Heberden nodes

A

OA - distal interphalangeal

46
Q

Bouchard nodes

A

OA - proximal interphalangeal

47
Q

*** > 50 yo with stiffnes in the neck, shoulder, and hip muscles

A

Polymylagia rheumatica

IM (17 decks)

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