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Histology > Random > Flashcards

Random Flashcards

1
Q

Hematoxylin is not soluble in alcohol or water, but it is in _________

A

ethylene glycol

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2
Q

Why is sodium iodate a preferred oxidant for Hx?

A

Oxidizes at RT

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3
Q

T cell marker

A

CD3

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4
Q

This dye is linear and stains beta pleated sheets

A

Congo red

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5
Q

Oxidized product of hematoxylin and its charge

A

Hematein; negative

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6
Q

3 anionic auxochromes

A

Sulphonic (SO3-)
Carboxylic (COO-)
Phenolic (O-)

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7
Q

Why is NaOH added to Congo Red

A

Promotes hydrogen bonds

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8
Q

What is over-oxidized hematoxylin called?

A

Oxyhematein or isohematein

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9
Q

Consequence of prolonged decalcification on HandE staining?

A

Poor nuclear detail

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10
Q

What is the charge on all dyes used in trichrome

A

Anionic

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11
Q

Used to differentiate slides in Verhoeff’s

A

Ferric chloride

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12
Q

2 fixatives that contain mercuric chloride

A

Zenker’s (Helly’s)

B5

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13
Q

Trichrome - what does aniline blue stain

A

Collagen

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14
Q

2 ways to make Hx more selective

A
  • Add more acid

- Apply excess mordant

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15
Q

Dye that stains keratin in PAP method

A

Orange G

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16
Q

Stain that contains a very large positively charged molecule w/ copper in it

A

Alcian blue

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17
Q

Anionic group involved in metachromasia

A

chromotrope

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18
Q

Mordant:hx ratio

A

35:1

19
Q

Collagen found in basement membranes

A

Type IV

20
Q

Trichrome theory - larger dyes displace smaller dyes in collagen due to ______________

A

stronger bonding

21
Q

Oxidizing agent in Harris’ hematoxylin

A

Mercuric oxide

22
Q

Main disadvantage of using EDTA as a decalcifying agent?

A

Extremely slow

23
Q

This fixative requires the addition of formalin prior to use

A

B5

24
Q

Colour of hematein in low and high pH?

A 
Low = red
High = blue
25
Q

Why cool blocks after embedding in molten wax?

A

Wax will form SMALLER cystals

26
Q

This tissue element should stain magenta-pink after PAS+D staining

A

Neutral sugars in colonic goblet cells

27
Q

Example of a modified leuco dye is found in this method

A

PAS

28
Q

2 types of carbohydrates that stain with Alcian blue

A

Proteoglycans and glycoproteins

29
Q

May be used to identify neutrophils in a smear or tissue section

A

Chloroacetate esterase

30
Q

Eosin has an overall _______ charge and is therefore referred to as an _________ dye (not cationic/anionic)

A

negative; acidic

31
Q

Main disadvantage to the use of paraffin wax as an embedding agent?

A

Limit to section thickness

32
Q

Dye that stains cytoplasm in PAP method

A

Eosin azure

33
Q

The iron hematoxylins made with ferric chloride have a very short shelf life because..?

A

the ferric chloride oxidizes hematein then to oxyhematein

34
Q

2 possible consequences of adding acid to dye solutions to promote ionization

A
  • anionic dyes becoming un-ionizes

- dye precipitation

35
Q

Anhydrous copper sulphate is sometimes added to this to check for presence of water

A

ethanol (turns blue in presence of water)

36
Q

Best tissue for HandE control slide

A

GI tract

37
Q

What could cause freshly made eosin to precipitate

A

Too much acid

38
Q

Example of a neutral dye

A

Romanowsky-Giemsa

39
Q

Colourless dye in PAS?

A

Schiff’s reagent

40
Q

Mast cells have __________ which allow metachromatic staining

A

chromotropes

41
Q

The usual temperature that wax baths are maintained at?

A

60 degC

42
Q

Oxidizing agent in Gill’s hematoxylin

A

Sodium iodate

43
Q

A suitable marker for B lymphocytes could be

A

L26/CD20

44
Q

The major objection for the use of xylene as a clearing agent for processing tissues?

A

Xylene is likely to harden tissue

Histology (18 decks)

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