rando test two questions from all topics Flashcards
what is the average length of the human gestational period
38 weeks
the fertilisation age is how many weeks before mentraul age
2 weeks
at which stage of embryo development does it implant into the uterus
when it is a blastocyst
which process occurs in the third week causes the transformation of the embryonic disk to the trilaminar sdisk
gastrulation
which germ layer does respiratory epithelium derive from
endoderm
which directions does embryo folding occur
crania-caudally and lateral
what risk does cytomegalovirus have on the foetus
it can cause cerebral calcification
what induces the ectoderm to thicken to form the neural plate
the notochord
failure of fusion of the anterior notochord causes what
anencephaly
where is fertilisation most likely to occur
in the ampulla
fertilisation age occurs in three stages what are they
early
embryonic
foetal
following cleavage and fertilisation what is the formation called
blastocyst
what chemical process must occur for the sperm to enter the ovum
acrosome reaction occurs in the sperm to allow it to penetrate the zone pellucida
which groups of cells forms the embryo proper
epiblast cells
which germ layer derives all epithelial linings
endoderm
neuraltion is initiated by which structure
notochord
why does embryonic folding occur
due to the increasing weight of the amniotic cavity
where does neural folding first occur
in the cervical region
which orgasnims causes dysentary
entamoeba histolytica
which parasite transmits plasmodium falciparum to humans
mosquitos
what type of parasitic worms are flat and unsegmented
trematodes (flukes) eg schistosome haematobium
what is the intermediate host for the tapeworm taenia solium
pig
what sort of orgasnim causes athletes foot
fungus
what is the basic structure of a virus
protein coat with protein core with nucleic acid can be DNA or RNA
which virus causes the common cold
rhinovirus
how does varicella zoster virus cause shingles many years after it causes chicken chicken pox in a person
iies dormant in sensory nerve roots
name diseases caused by prions
CJD, vCJD, Kuru
what is cystitis
infection of the lower urinary tract caused by infection with gut bacteria such as eschericia coli
what are the symptoms of norovirus
vommiting and diarrhoea
what organism causes tetanus (lockjaw)
clostridium tetani
what type of infection is malaria
parasitic
a disease passed from the mother to the foetus is called what and give an example
vertical
rubella
what is the mechanism of cholera
activates adenylyl cyclase which increases cAMP - less Na absorbed and more cl - secreted into lumen causes osmosis of water into lumen causing diarrhoea
antibiotics should not be given to people with cold or flu - why
they are caused by viruses so will only aid to antibiotic resistance
why should someone with TB be isolated in a negative pressure room
stop spread airborne virus
name diseases which we don’t have vaccines for
HIV HCV malaria meningococcus group B
which vaccine can help against cervical cancer
HPV
