Human Genome Flashcards
how many chromosomes do we have
22 pairs and 2 sex chromosomes, X from mum and Y from dad
46 in total
most DNA is found in the nucleus - where else is it found
there is some DNA within mitochondria
what happens to one of the X chromosomes in women
there is x inactivation producing a barr body which is a black mass at the side of the nucleus
why do chimps have 2 more chromosomes than humans
humans have a fusion of chromosome 12 and 13
what is synteny
genes are found in the same order across species
which species have complete synteny with man with their X and Y chromosome
mouse
what are translocations and why can they be bad
chromosome breaking and reforming which can cause abnormalities such as chromosome 9 which can be misregulated and cause cancer
what does Xist do
binds to one copy of the female chromosome and inactivates it
what is the difference between pre-mrna and mrna
pre mrna has introns
what is special about the FUGU fish
roughly similar umber of genes but has a much smaller genome size ie less junk in their DNA
what is one of the main differences between fugu DNA and human DNA
humans have large SEQ’s long repeats in the introns
how many chromosomes are in gorillas
2n = 48
what organisms has very short compact introns
puffer fish fugu
in our genome we have multiple copies of genes the are present in
retrovirus
if an mRNA sequence is reverse transcribed into DNA then integrated into the genome
a pseudogene
