rando exam 2 stuff

Question 1

overexposed

Answer 1

excessive exposure
increased time, mA and kV

Question 2

underexposed

Answer 2

time is main cause
and then excessive tube-receptor distance

Question 3

Adjusts bright tones and brings more info to highlight of image

Answer 3

gain

Question 4

Adjusts midtones of image by adjusting each pixel value in image

Answer 4

gamma correction

Question 5

sensor bending and reversed placement

Answer 5

pPSPP only deals with

Question 6

Damage to storage phosphors so there is no signal to area with damaged pixels
Scratch marks

Answer 6

sensor creasing

Question 7

R vs. Coulombs/kg

Answer 7

exposure dose
-ionize air

Question 8

RAD vs. Gray G

Answer 8

absorbed dose

Question 9

REM vs Sievert Sv

Answer 9

equivalent dose
and
affective dose

Question 10

radiation energy
onization from ionizing radiation exposure sets off multiple direct and indirect molecular reactions in :
Enzymatic repair or further deleterious molecular changes occur :
Deterministic and stochastic effects take place over time from :

Answer 10

less that second
min to hour
months to generations

Question 11

fetal dose

Answer 11

0.02mGy

Question 12

severity is proportional to dose

Answer 12

determinisitic

Question 13

Both quick and take hours to decades to become evident
Both are result of ionization

Answer 13

direct and indirect

Question 14

dose(amount) of radiation is correlated with

Answer 14

response or damage

Question 15

Threshold must be reached before changes are observed

Answer 15

threshold non-linear curve
(dose response curves)

Question 16

most biologic effects are
(linear or non linear)

Answer 16

non linear

Question 17

no matter how small dose is, there is damage or risk

Answer 17

linear non-threshold curve

Question 18

Time that elapses between exposure and appearance of clinical signs
May be short or long depending on
Total dose
Dose rate

Answer 18

latent periodo

Question 19

Cell death
Changes in cell function
Breaking or clumping of chromo
Giant cell formation
Cessation of mitotic activity
Abnormal mitotic activity

Answer 19

period of innjury

Question 20

Full recovery for a large percentage of individuals from a few weeks up to 2 years after exposure
*death likely at higher dose of >1.2 Gy

Answer 20

recovery period

Question 21

young, immature, rapidly growing and dividing, least specialized cells

Answer 21

radiosens

Question 22

mature, specialized cells

Answer 22

radioresistant

Question 23

blood cells, small lymphocytes, bone marrow, reproductive cells

Answer 23

high sens to radiation and least radioresistant

Question 24

connective tissue, breasts, salivary glands, growing bone and cartilage

Answer 24

intermediate sens to radiation

Question 25

skin and thyroid gland

Answer 25

fairly low sens to radiation

Question 26

t/f
Fractionation of total dose into multiple small doses provides greater tumor destruction than single large dose Also increases cellular repair of normal tissues

Answer 26

true

Question 27

Studies show risk for congenital defects is negligible at

Answer 27

50mSv or less

Question 28

for determinisitic risk for pregnancy, At absorbed dose of 0 to 50 mGy: there (is/is not) no risk of fetal death, malformation, growth, retardation or impairment of mental facility

Answer 28

is no

so well below deterministic risk

Question 29

for stochastic risk estimate for pregnancy, an absorbed dose to the conceptus of ____ doubles the natural childhood cancer rate

Answer 29

25mGy

Question 30

Reduce radiation exposure
Maintain high degree of dx efficiency

Answer 30

goals for oral and maxillofacial radiology

Question 31

max collimation lead diameter

Answer 31

2.75 and rectangle shape preferred

Question 32

Sensor speed (sens)
Lead (Pb) thyroid collar
Film-holding devices with beam alignment capability
Time-temperature or digital quality control processing

Answer 32

dose reduction mechs

Question 33

Less operator exposure and better shield protection if the sensor DOES ____ the standing position of the operator

Answer 33

PARALLEL