Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ophthalmology > Raised Intracranial Pressure > Flashcards

Raised Intracranial Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of raised intracranial pressure?

A

Head injury

Space occupying lesion, abscess or haemorrhage

Hydrocephalus

Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the sunset sign

A

Whites of eyes showing above iris- pressure on nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three layers surrounding the brain?

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia Mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the layers of dura mater?

A

1) endosteal

2) meningeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is found in between the layers of dura mater?

A

Venous blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do the two layers of dura mater separate?

A

1) longitudinal fissure between the two hemispheres

2) tentorial notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the tentorial notch?

A

Brainstem passes through it, any raised ICP pushes the brainstem through it and raises the chances of hypothalamus compromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What runs along the tentorial notch?

A

Cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe arachnoid mater?

A

Spidery thin layer with CSF deep to it

Pool of CSF can be larger areas or smaller areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe pia mater

A

Soft mother

Single layer that surrounds the brain tissue; not visible to naked eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the ‘veins’ of the dura?

A

Sinuses; have no walls but are surrounded by two layers of dura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What carries CSF from arachnoid to dural venous sinuses?

A

Arachnoid Villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does CSF pass though the ventricular system?

A

Passes through channels from lateral to third then fourth ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What surrounds the brain and spinal cord?

A

Subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do veins of the brain pass into?

A

Dural venous sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What visual problems are reported as a result of raised ICP

A

Transient blurred vision
Double vision
Loss of vision
Papilloedema

17
Q

Describe the monro-kellie hypothesis

A

Cranium is an incompressible space, any increase in one component (CSF, brain, blood) must be compensated by a change in another

18
Q

Why is the optic nerve considered an extension of the brain?

A

CNS tract covered by meninges

19
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

Space between pia and arachnoid

20
Q

Why does raised ICP cause direct globe manifestations?

A

The subaracnoid space extends to the back of the globe

21
Q

What leads to bulging/swollen optic discs?

A

raised ICP will compress the central artery and vein of the retina as well as the optic nerve

22
Q

What are the visual symptoms of papilloedema?

A 
Transient visual obscurations (grading out of vision)
Transient flickering 
Blurring of vision 
Constriction of the visual field 
Decreased colour perception
23
Q

Describe the grading of papilloedema

A

Grade 1: blurry C shaped halo

Grade 2: halo becomes circular, more blurry, larger

Grade 3: you cant see some of the surrounding vessels

Grade 4: central vessels start to disappear

Grade 5: vessels disappear completely

24
Q

Why is the oculomotor nerve susceptible to damage?

A

Compression

Tentorial herniation (ICP)

25
Q

What does the oculomotor nerve contain?

A

Motor nerve that contains parasympathetics

26
Q

Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetics?

A

CN 3, 7, 8, 10

27
Q

What is the first thing to be damaged in a nerve due to Raised ICP?

A

Parasympathetics (outside of nerve)

28
Q

What happens if the oculomotor nerve is damaged?

A

-paralysis of somatic motor innervation
(extra ocular eye muscles)
-paralysis of parasympathetic innervation
(constrictor pupillae)

29
Q

What may someone with raised ice SHOW?

A

NO/slow pupillary light reflex

Dilated pupil

Ptosis

Position of eye; down and out

30
Q

Why is the trochlear nerve susceptible to damage?

A

Long intracranial course

  • stretching
  • compression
  • only nerve that comes from posterior brainstem
31
Q

Describe the function of the eye when the trochlear nerve has been damaged?

A

Inferior oblique is unopposed
Eye cannot move inferomedially
Diplopla

32
Q

How is the abducens nerve susceptible to damage?

A

By stretch

33
Q

What happens to the function of the eye when the abducens nerve is damaged?

A

Paralysis of lateral rectus

Medial deviation of the eye

Ophthalmology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions