raine et al

Question 1

when was it conducted?

Answer 1

1997

Question 2

what was the aims of the study?

Answer 2

• to investigate patterns of brain activity in murderers compared to non murdererd
• identify any differences in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, angular gyrus, amygdlaa and corpus callusum
• to see if brain dysfunction predisposes people to violent behaviour

Question 3

how many participants were there?

Answer 3

41
39 males
2 females

Question 4

what were the experimental groups guilt of?

Answer 4

murder

who pleading not guilty by reason of insanity but still convicted

Question 5

what was tested in urine

Answer 5

to see if they had taken any drugs for the last two weeks

Question 6

how was control group gathered?

Answer 6

using matched pairs on a age and gender

both groups also had 6 schizophrenics

Question 7

what was the method?

Answer 7

• screened for general health
• completed a ten minute practice test (CPT)
• injected with radioactive glucose tracer
• completed 32 minute continuous performance test
• PET scan was done directly after CPT

Question 8

what kind of brain scan was used?

Answer 8

pet scan

Question 9

what is the CPT?

Answer 9

continuous performance test

Question 10

how long was the CPT done for?

Answer 10

10 minutes for practice

32 minutes before PET

Question 11

what were ppts injected with?

Answer 11

radioactuve glucose tracer

Question 12

what were the overall results?

Answer 12

significat differences in brain activity in areas of the brain already associated with violent behaviour

Question 13

what was found about the frontal lobes?

Answer 13

significantly lower activity in the frontal lobes in murderers, especially the prefrontal cortex which has been linked to rational thinking

Question 14

what was found about corpus callosum?

Answer 14

there was less activity for murderers, this part of the brain has been linked to long term planning

Question 15

occipital lobe?

Answer 15

more activuty in the occipital lobe, receive a lot of visual sensory input

Question 16

which side of the amygdala did murderers more glucose in?

Answer 16

right

0. 88
1. 83

Question 17

what was the conclusion?

Answer 17

murderers pleading NGRI do have brain differences which may have predisposed them, showing that there are biological causes to aggressive behaviour

raine stated that if found early enough then intervention can be done

Question 18

what did researchers comment about the PET?

Answer 18

that PET was not always clear in its results, affected interpretation of results

Question 19

generalisibilty?

Answer 19

large sample group of