heston Flashcards

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1
Q

what is heston an example of?

A

an adoption study

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2
Q

when was it conducted?

A

1966

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3
Q

what was the aim of schizophrenia?

A

to see if it has genetic influences or that if environmental factors influence development

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4
Q

when were the participants born?

A

between 1915 and 1945 to schizophrenic mothers

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5
Q

where were the sample born?

A

in an american psychiatric hospital

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6
Q

why were the participants chosen?

A

if the mother had out them up for adoption

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7
Q

what did researchers ensure?

A
  • mother had a diagnosis of schiz
  • they showed behaviour consist with it
  • had no diseases
  • child and mother were separated at birth
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8
Q

what were participants matched on?

A

sex, time in care and type of placement

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9
Q

how many controls were there?

A

50

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10
Q

how many experimental ppts?

A

47

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11
Q

how was psychiatric status measured?

A
  • police records
  • hospital records
  • iq tests
  • friends and family contacted
  • social class
  • time in army or out
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12
Q

who evaluated the dossiers made?

A

two psychiatrists blindly but also heston himself

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13
Q

when was a diagnosis of schizophrenia given?

A

if all three raters agreed

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14
Q

apart from the dossiers what else was assigned to each participants?

A

psycho social disability

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15
Q

what was psycho social disability out of?

A

100

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16
Q

when does the psycho social score become troublesome?

A

75

17
Q

what were there no differences in?

A

gender, iq, adoption rate, marriage, service in army, divorce or children

18
Q

what were there differences in?

A

psycho social disability score
time spent in penal facility
number of time discharged from army

19
Q

what was the rate of schizophrenia in those with shiz mothers and controls?

A

10.6%

0%

20
Q

what did Heston conclude?

A

that genes must be involved in schiz

must be developmental factors as concordance was not 100%

21
Q

how many people in the groups had schizophrenia?

A

5 vs 1