heston Flashcards
what is heston an example of?
an adoption study
when was it conducted?
1966
what was the aim of schizophrenia?
to see if it has genetic influences or that if environmental factors influence development
when were the participants born?
between 1915 and 1945 to schizophrenic mothers
where were the sample born?
in an american psychiatric hospital
why were the participants chosen?
if the mother had out them up for adoption
what did researchers ensure?
- mother had a diagnosis of schiz
- they showed behaviour consist with it
- had no diseases
- child and mother were separated at birth
what were participants matched on?
sex, time in care and type of placement
how many controls were there?
50
how many experimental ppts?
47
how was psychiatric status measured?
- police records
- hospital records
- iq tests
- friends and family contacted
- social class
- time in army or out
who evaluated the dossiers made?
two psychiatrists blindly but also heston himself
when was a diagnosis of schizophrenia given?
if all three raters agreed
apart from the dossiers what else was assigned to each participants?
psycho social disability
what was psycho social disability out of?
100
when does the psycho social score become troublesome?
75
what were there no differences in?
gender, iq, adoption rate, marriage, service in army, divorce or children
what were there differences in?
psycho social disability score
time spent in penal facility
number of time discharged from army
what was the rate of schizophrenia in those with shiz mothers and controls?
10.6%
0%
what did Heston conclude?
that genes must be involved in schiz
must be developmental factors as concordance was not 100%
how many people in the groups had schizophrenia?
5 vs 1
