evolution - bio explanantion

Question 1

what is evolution?

Answer 1

the gradual development of living organisms from earlier forms during history of the earth

Question 2

how does evolution occur?

Answer 2

through the process of natural selection in which organisms more adapted to the environment reproduce more frequently

passing on genes

Question 3

how are genetic mutation linked?

Answer 3

they occur over time where the genetic structure of an organism changes
if this change is favourable to the environment it will be passed on

this helps to explain changes such as the fact giraffes use to have small necks

Question 4

how does evolution explain behaviour?

Answer 4

any behaviour that was favourable at the time would be passed on
structure of the brain has adapted to serve an adaptive function

Question 5

why has the brain adapted?

Answer 5

to sever an adaptive function in the eea

Question 6

what is the eea?

Answer 6

the environment of evolutionary adaption

the conditions in the environment at a time that a species was adapting in response to n

Question 7

what is epigenetic modification?

Answer 7

behaviour that is due to genes and the environment

Question 8

how is success measured?

Answer 8

success throughout evolution is measured through production of offspring that survive ton reproduce

Question 9

why has mating driven male aggression?

Answer 9

males that were physically stronger were seen as more capable of gaining resources and fighting off predators to protect offspring and mates
more favourable by mates

Question 10

how is jealously linked?

Answer 10

aggression can come in forms of threats, jealousy would cause aggression as others may become threatened when another male tries to take their partner
threatening their chance to reproduce

Question 11

how has competition driven aggression?

Answer 11

competition for resources and mates,the one who would fight the other off etc

Question 12

how can evolution explain female aggression?

Answer 12

females can be seen as more verbally aggressive due to the disadvantage that physical aggression would bring them

need to look after children and feed rather than get into aggressive situations

Question 13

due t differences in male and female aggression what would then be expected?

Answer 13

that there would be differences in the structure and chemistry of males and females biologically

Question 14

what can development be caused by?

Answer 14

your environment but also maturation (nature)

Question 15

what is your genotype/

Answer 15

the description of all your genes

Question 16

what is your phenotype?

Answer 16

what you actually turn into e.g. how your genes interact with your environment

Question 17

what does the biological approach believe?

Answer 17

that all behaviour that is inherited has an adaptive function

Question 18

what is the explanation based upon and why is this a strength?

Answer 18

based upon darwin theory which has stood the test of time
it is scientific
reduces behaviour in terms of the genes that guide it
darwin observed many organisms and made conclusions on how b linked to environment
credible based of observations

Question 19

why is the explanation reductionist?

Answer 19

the theory of evolution only focuses on the transmission of genes rather than other ways in which behaviour can be learned e.g. though observation

Question 20

what did buss and shakelton find?

Answer 20

they found that males tend to give in to females but also get threatening when other males were around
both strategies are useful for survival
supporting

Question 21

why might the theory be classed as incomplete?

Answer 21

as it might not be robust enough to explain all types of aggression
eg riots

Question 22

what did wilson and daley find?

Answer 22

looked at mruder cases in detroit, found majority were young men
29 of cases had resulted in murder through escalated showing off