Radiology: Fracture types Flashcards
What is an open fracture?
communicates with the outside environment as indicated by air at the fracture site, or bone protruding out of skin
What is a closed fracture?
implies a fracture that remains inside the skin and musculature
What are the different fracture locations?
Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
Articular
Non-articular
What is the difference between articular and non- articular fracture locations?
Articular fractures extend to the joint surface while non-articular does not extend to joint surface
What is an incomplete fracture?
only involves one cortex
What is a Fatigue or stress fracture?
incomplete fracture
occurs from cyclic loading resulting in local strain on bone tissue
What is a complete fracture?
Complete loss of bony continuity allowing overriding & deformation
How do we classify complete fractures?
distal fragment relative to the proximal fragment
What is a transverse fracture?
transverse 90 degrees to the long axis of the bone
What are oblique fractures?
at an angle to the long axis
long oblique 90-45 degrees
short oblique < 45 degrees
What are spiral fractures?
fracture line that spirals along the long axis of the bone
What are comminuted fractures?
at least 3 fracture fragments in a single bone
What are fissure fractures?
one or more cracks penetrate the cortex, often in a longitudinal or spiral direction
often seen associated with comminuted fractures
What are segmental fractures?
at least three or more fragments in a single bone & the fracture lines do not interconnect
What are compression fractures?
impaction fracture in which cancellous bone collapses & compresses upon itself
What are avulsion fractures?
fractures at soft tissue attachment sites
What are chip fractures?
fracture fragment usually at the corner of an articular margin
What are slab fractures?
an articular fracture that extends from one articular margin to another
What are pathological fractures?
occurs b/c of underlying disease
bone is weakened & break under conditions that would not break a normal bone
What is the big take away with increasing the salter classification?
As you increase the number of salter classification you increase the potential of altered growth of the physis
What is a Salter-Harris type 1?
fractures are through the physis
What is a Salter-Harris type 2?
fracture line is through the physis & metaphysis
What is a Salter-Harris type 3?
Fracture line is through the physis & epiphysis
usually articular fractures
What is a Salter-Harris type 4?
fracture line is through the epiphysis, physis & metaphysis
