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Moving Exam 3 > Cattle Ortho > Flashcards

Cattle Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

Where are claws more often affected by lesions on the rear feet?

A

on the lateral claw

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2
Q

Where are claws more often affected by lesions on the front feet?

A

the medial claw

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3
Q

What are the most common causes of foot lesions in feedlot?

A

Foot rot
digital dermititis
toe abscesses
injuries to the upper leg/skeleton

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4
Q

What are problems that occur secondary to calving

A

Obturator nerve or sciatic nerve paralysis
peroneal nerve paralysis

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5
Q

What does peroneal nerve paralysis cause?

A

pressure ischemia over lateral stifle regions
hyperflexion of the hock

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of foot rot?

A

Lameness
increased body temperature
swelling
soul odor from necrotic lesions
decreased feed intake

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7
Q

What is the cause of foot rot?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum
Truperella pyogenes

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8
Q

What are the infectious causes of lameness in cattle?

A

Foot rot
Digital dermatitis (heel wart)
Heel erosion

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9
Q

How can foot rot be prevented?

A

Move cattle to a drier location and keep them from waling on abrasive surfaces

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10
Q

How is foot rot treated?

A

Early detection is key
remove necrotic debris (make it bleed)
Systemic antibiotics

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11
Q

What are the stages/clinical signs of Digital dermatitis (heel wart)?

A

M0: no lesion
M1: early subclinical (epithelial defect)
M2: Painful, acute ulcer
M3: Healing
M4: Chronic/ Hairy wart
M4.1: Chronic reoccurring

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12
Q

What causes digital dermatitis?

A

Weakening of skin barrier due to mechanical irritation & macceration from water and chemicals

Trepenema species

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13
Q

How can digital dermatitis be prevented?

A

don’t introduce infected animals into herd
Good environmental hygiene
Micronutrient supplementation (Zinc, biotin, Copper)
Foot baths

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of Heel erosion?

A

Irregular heel horn that results in heel horn grooves and loss of horn elasticity

Sole bruising & possible sole ulcers.

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15
Q

What is the cause of heel erosion?

A

Maceration by poor environment & claw hygiene

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16
Q

What are the non-infectious causes of lameness in cattle

A

Sole ulcer
White line disease
Thin soles
Corckscrew claw
Wall cracks & fissures

17
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Sole ulcers?

A

localized horn destruction that perforates the claw capsule leading to exposure & infection of the underlying corium

due to hard abrasive walking & excessive weight bearing

18
Q

What is the cause of sole ulcers?

A

Failure of the suspending & supporting structures due to mechanical and metabolic problems

19
Q

Where are sole ulcers most common?

A

Lateral rear claw

20
Q

What can sole ulcers lead to?

A

dislocation of the pedal bone, damage to the corium and disruption of horn production

21
Q

What preventative measures can be taken to reduce sole ulcer formation?

A

Regular foot trimming (twice a year for dairy and once for beef)
reduce standing times
optimize nutrition
correct walking surfaces/abnormalities

22
Q

How are sole ulcers treated?

A

Removal of loose necrotic tissue
block the unaffected claw
antibiotics if swelling of soft tissue

23
Q

What are the clinical signs of white line disease?

A

separation of the white line secondary to structural weakening of the white line

24
Q

What are the risk factors associated with white line disease?

A

Mechanical injury
poor horn quality due to subclinical laminitis
Hard, abrasive or irregular walking surfaces

25
Q

What are the preventative measures for white line disease?

A

Routine trimming to establish normal weight bearing/conformation
Improve walking surfaces
optimize nutrition

26
Q

What are the treatments for White line disease?

A

Corrective trimming
Opening the lesion
Apply block to opposite claw
Bandage
systemic antibiotics

27
Q

What are the clinical signs of thin soles?

A

sole is to thin & cannot resist thumb pressure or weight bearing

28
Q

What is the cause of thin sole?

A

Excessive wear or over trimming

29
Q

What are preventative measures for thin sole?

A

Nutrition
Hygiene
Claw balance

30
Q

What is the treatment for thin sole?

A

Adding a wooden block until sole is completely dry and healed

31
Q

What are the clinical signs of corkscrew claw?

A

Heritable misalignment of the 2nd and 3rd phalanges
Genetics

32
Q

What are the preventative measures for corkscrew claw?

A

Trim every 6 months to 1 year
Cull animal

33
Q

What are the clinical signs of vertical wall fissures “sand cracks”?

A

Excessive desiccation
Trace mineral deficiencies
Cattle on pasture, sandy soil

34
Q

Where do most vertical wall fissures occur?

A

80% occur on the front outer claw

35
Q

What are the clinical signs for horizontal fissure “Hardship groove”?

A

metabolic stress or significant laminitis
Mycotoxicosis
Se toxicosis

36
Q

What is Horizontal fissure “Hardship groove”

A

A groove or ridge that runs parallel to the coronary band

Moving Exam 3 (13 decks)

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