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Mini CPE #2 > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

2
Q

The acetabulum is a part of the _____ joint.

A

Coxofemoral joint

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3
Q

An underexposed film is too ________

A

light

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4
Q

An over exposed x-ray is too ______________

A

dark

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5
Q

Air appears what color on radiographs?

A

Black

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6
Q

The olecranon is located at

A

the proximal end of the ulna

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7
Q

Air is radiolucent on a radiograph which means it will appear how on a radiograph?

A

Black

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8
Q

Barium is radiopaque on a radiograph which means that it will appear how on a radiograph?

A

White

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9
Q

KVP settings have an impact on ______________

A

radiographic contrast

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10
Q

MAS is a measure of

A

total amount of x-rays produced

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11
Q

If your radiograph turns out overexposed, the image is too dark. How should you correct for this?

A

Decrease MAS or KVP

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12
Q

A thoracic radiograph should be taken on

A

Inspiration

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13
Q

An extremity should be take on the ____

A

On table top

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14
Q

Define X-ray

A

a form of electromagnetic radiation similar to visible light, but of a shoter wavelength

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15
Q

X-Ray absorption is dependent on what 3 things

A

Atomic #

Density of object

Energy of the x-rays

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16
Q

X-rays are composed of

A

photons and travel in the form of a wave

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17
Q

5 areas of the body that are sensitive to radiation

A

Skin

Gonads

Thyroid

Lense of the eye

Blood forming organs

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18
Q

Define MPD

A

Maximum Permissible Dose

a means of measuring the dosage of radiation received by radiographer

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19
Q

How is the amount of radiation one is exposed to over time measured?

A

Dosimeter Badge

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20
Q

4 Lead protection items

A

Apron

Gloves

Thyroid sheild

Eye protection

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21
Q

Thorax Limits

A

Cranial: Thoracic Inlet

Caudal: Diaphragm

Dorsal: Thoracic spine

Ventral: Sternum

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22
Q

Thorax Landmarks

A

Cranial: Manubrium

Caudal: xiphoid proces

Dorsal: dorsal spinus processes

Ventral: Sternum

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23
Q

Abdomen Limits

A

Cranial: diaphragm

Caudal: Pelvic inlet

Dorsal: Lumbar spine

Ventral: Linea alba

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24
Q

Abdomen Landmarks

A

Cranial: Xiphoid process

Caudal: iliac crest

Dorsal: dorsal spinus processes

Ventral: Belly wall

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25
Q

Whole body limits

A

Cranial: thoracic inlet

Caudal: pelvic inlet

Dorsal: spine

Ventral: sternum or linea alba

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26
Q

Whole body landmarks

A

Cranial: manubrium

Caudal: iliac crest

Dorsal: dorsal spinus processes

Ventral: sternum or belly wall

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27
Q

Pelvis limits

A

Cranial: pelvic inlet

Caudal: tuber ischii

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28
Q

Pelvis landmarks

A

Cranial: iliac crest

Caudal: tuber ischii

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29
Q

Joint limits

A

1/4-1/3 of the bone above and below the joint

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30
Q

Bone limits

A

Joint above and below the bone

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31
Q

What is a Caliper

A

device used to measure the patient for a radiograph

always read in Centimeters

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32
Q

What is backscatter and how is it limited?

A

rays that become scattered by bouncing off of an object

collimation and grids

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33
Q

Radiographic quality depends on

A

Density

Quality contrast

Factors affecting detail

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34
Q

5 main radiographic densities (most dense to least dense on film)

A

Air

Fat

Tissues

Bone

Enamel/Metal

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35
Q

2 types of radiographic contrast

A

short scale- black/white

long scale- shades of gray

36
Q

2 parts to xray film

A

Base- transparent polyester, provides flexible support

Emulsion- gelatin suspension of silver halide crystals than coat the film evenly

37
Q

Fast speed film

A

Larger silver halide crystals

requires less exposure

poor image detail

38
Q

Slow Speed Film

A

Smaller Crystals

Requires more exposure from xrays

Good detail

39
Q

Medium Film

A

Most commonly used

average detail

average exposure from xrays

40
Q

Fast Screen speed

A

decreased exposure time

larger crystals

decreased detail

41
Q

Slow Screen Speed

A

Increased exposure time

Small crystals

Increased detail

42
Q

5 steps to processesing film

A

Developing

Rinsing/stop bath

Fixing

Washing

Drying

43
Q

Developer

A

68 degrees F for 3 min.

never develop longer than 5 min.

decrease time by 30 seconds for every degree below

increase by 30 seconds for every degree above

44
Q

Fixer

A

twice the developing time

45
Q

Clearing time

A

the minimum amount of time the film needs to be in the fixer

20 seconds

46
Q

Lable on radiograph must include what

A

Name & address of hospital

Date

Patient & Owners name

Age, sex, breed, DOB

47
Q

3 methods of labeling radiograph

A

Lead markers

Lead impregnated tape

Embosser

48
Q

Split plate

A

when more than one view can be placed on a piece of film

49
Q

Most common visible structures in thoracic radiograph

A

Heart

Lung fields

Trachea

Aorta

Cr/Ca vena cava

50
Q

Most common visible structures in abdominal radiograph

A

Liver

Stomach

Intestines

Kidneys

Urinary bladder

51
Q

OFA

A

Orthopedic Foundation for Animals

Wings of the ilium to stifles

perfect symmetry

Marked with L and R

52
Q

PennHip

A

Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program

53
Q

What does MRI stand for

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

uses magnets to align the atoms within the patients body

54
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

“Live/Real time” x-rays

used to study motion of GI tract, ventilation, cardiac function

55
Q

CT

A

Computed Tomography

Uses x-rays and computers to produce images that show anatomy in cross section

56
Q

Ultrasound

A

Provides detailed info about organ structures

Real time images

Soundwaves interact with tissues in the body and is reflected back to the transducer by echos

57
Q

High frequency ultrasound probe

A

Better resolution and detail

decreased depth

58
Q

Lower frequency ultrasound probe

A

less detail and resolution

penetrates greater depths

59
Q

Preparation for ultrasounding a patient

A

Shave patient

Use a gel

60
Q

When hanging a lateral body cavity, the head is always to the ___ and the animals ___ aspect is to the top

A

head

dorsal

61
Q

When hanging a extremity radiograph you must hang the ___ bones towards to top and ___ bones to the bottom.

A

Proximal

Distal

62
Q

When hanging a V/D radiograph

A

cranial portion to top

caudal portion to bottom

patients R to our L

63
Q

When can fetal skeletons be seen?

A

45-50 days of age

64
Q

Which kidney is lower?

A

Left

65
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Jetblack lung not bilateral

pneumonia is bilateral and grey

66
Q

Penetration

A

the number of x-rays that go through the object

67
Q

Absorption

A

the number of x-rays that stay in the object

68
Q

1/40 of a second is [slower/faster] than 1/60 of a second

A

slower

69
Q

How should split plate radiographs be hung & how is this done?

A

Pick 1 to hang properly

With a lead blocker

70
Q

What are the 5 body cavaties?

A

Thorax

Abdomen

Spine

Skull

Pelvis

71
Q

When taking back leg radiographs, which leg should be pulled forward (cranially)?

A

The leg that is touching the table

72
Q

Radiograph too dark

Radiograph too light

A

dark= decrease technique

light= increase technique

73
Q

How would you measure the patient for a radiograph?

A

Using the caliper, measuring the thickest point in cm.

74
Q

Which kidney is lower?

A

Left kidney

75
Q

What are the 4 types of X-ray units?

A

Conventional- large unit

Mobile- common in large animal, large machine on wheels

Mounted- dental

Small portable- common in large animal, hand held

76
Q

What are 5 common positioning devices for taking radiographs?

A

Foam wedges

Foam boat

Sand bags

Tape, ties, gauze, etc…

Chemical

77
Q

What is wrong?

A

Femoral Fracture

78
Q

What is wrong?

A

Osteosarcoma

79
Q

Give common name of joint

name visible bones

A

Elbow joint

Radius & Ulna

Humerus

80
Q

What is wrong?

A

Urinary Stones

81
Q

Give the common name of this joint

Name the visible bones

A

Stifle

Femur

Tibia/Fibula

Patella

Flabella

82
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

What position is the patient in?

Name some visible bones & organs

A

Thoracic

Lateral

Bones: Scapula, Humerus, Radius/Ulna, Sternum, Ribs, Thoracic Vertebrae

Organs: Trachea, Heart, Diaphragm, Lung field

83
Q

What is wrong?

What position is the patient in?

What are some visible bones & organs?

A

GDV

Lateral

Bones: Thoracic & Lumbar spine, Ribs, Sternum

Organs: Bloated stomach, Diaphragm, Heart

84
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

What is wrong?

What are some bones & organs that can be seen?

A

Barium Swallow Radiograph

Megaesophagus

Bones: Humerus, Sternum, Ribs, Thoracic & Lumbar Vertebrae

Organs: Esophagus, Stomach, Heart, Trachea, Diaphragm, Intestines

Mini CPE #2 (8 decks)

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