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Mini CPE #2 > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

2
Q

The acetabulum is a part of the _____ joint.

A

Coxofemoral joint

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3
Q

An underexposed film is too ________

A

light

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4
Q

An over exposed x-ray is too ______________

A

dark

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5
Q

Air appears what color on radiographs?

A

Black

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6
Q

The olecranon is located at

A

the proximal end of the ulna

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7
Q

Air is radiolucent on a radiograph which means it will appear how on a radiograph?

A

Black

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8
Q

Barium is radiopaque on a radiograph which means that it will appear how on a radiograph?

A

White

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9
Q

KVP settings have an impact on ______________

A

radiographic contrast

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10
Q

MAS is a measure of

A

total amount of x-rays produced

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11
Q

If your radiograph turns out overexposed, the image is too dark. How should you correct for this?

A

Decrease MAS or KVP

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12
Q

A thoracic radiograph should be taken on

A

Inspiration

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13
Q

An extremity should be take on the ____

A

On table top

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14
Q

Define X-ray

A

a form of electromagnetic radiation similar to visible light, but of a shoter wavelength

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15
Q

X-Ray absorption is dependent on what 3 things

A

Atomic #

Density of object

Energy of the x-rays

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16
Q

X-rays are composed of

A

photons and travel in the form of a wave

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17
Q

5 areas of the body that are sensitive to radiation

A

Skin

Gonads

Thyroid

Lense of the eye

Blood forming organs

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18
Q

Define MPD

A

Maximum Permissible Dose

a means of measuring the dosage of radiation received by radiographer

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19
Q

How is the amount of radiation one is exposed to over time measured?

A

Dosimeter Badge

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20
Q

4 Lead protection items

A

Apron

Gloves

Thyroid sheild

Eye protection

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21
Q

Thorax Limits

A

Cranial: Thoracic Inlet

Caudal: Diaphragm

Dorsal: Thoracic spine

Ventral: Sternum

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22
Q

Thorax Landmarks

A

Cranial: Manubrium

Caudal: xiphoid proces

Dorsal: dorsal spinus processes

Ventral: Sternum

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23
Q

Abdomen Limits

A

Cranial: diaphragm

Caudal: Pelvic inlet

Dorsal: Lumbar spine

Ventral: Linea alba

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24
Q

Abdomen Landmarks

A

Cranial: Xiphoid process

Caudal: iliac crest

Dorsal: dorsal spinus processes

Ventral: Belly wall

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25
Q

Whole body limits

A

Cranial: thoracic inlet

Caudal: pelvic inlet

Dorsal: spine

Ventral: sternum or linea alba

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26
Whole body landmarks
Cranial: manubrium Caudal: iliac crest Dorsal: dorsal spinus processes Ventral: sternum or belly wall
27
Pelvis limits
Cranial: pelvic inlet Caudal: tuber ischii
28
Pelvis landmarks
Cranial: iliac crest Caudal: tuber ischii
29
Joint limits
1/4-1/3 of the bone above and below the joint
30
Bone limits
Joint above and below the bone
31
What is a Caliper
device used to measure the patient for a radiograph always read in Centimeters
32
What is backscatter and how is it limited?
rays that become scattered by bouncing off of an object collimation and grids
33
Radiographic quality depends on
Density Quality contrast Factors affecting detail
34
5 main radiographic densities (most dense to least dense on film)
Air Fat Tissues Bone Enamel/Metal
35
2 types of radiographic contrast
short scale- black/white long scale- shades of gray
36
2 parts to xray film
Base- transparent polyester, provides flexible support Emulsion- gelatin suspension of silver halide crystals than coat the film evenly
37
Fast speed film
Larger silver halide crystals requires less exposure poor image detail
38
Slow Speed Film
Smaller Crystals Requires more exposure from xrays Good detail
39
Medium Film
Most commonly used average detail average exposure from xrays
40
Fast Screen speed
decreased exposure time larger crystals decreased detail
41
Slow Screen Speed
Increased exposure time Small crystals Increased detail
42
5 steps to processesing film
Developing Rinsing/stop bath Fixing Washing Drying
43
Developer
68 degrees F for 3 min. never develop longer than 5 min. decrease time by 30 seconds for every degree below increase by 30 seconds for every degree above
44
Fixer
twice the developing time
45
Clearing time
the minimum amount of time the film needs to be in the fixer 20 seconds
46
Lable on radiograph must include what
Name & address of hospital Date Patient & Owners name Age, sex, breed, DOB
47
3 methods of labeling radiograph
Lead markers Lead impregnated tape Embosser
48
Split plate
when more than one view can be placed on a piece of film
49
Most common visible structures in thoracic radiograph
Heart Lung fields Trachea Aorta Cr/Ca vena cava
50
Most common visible structures in abdominal radiograph
Liver Stomach Intestines Kidneys Urinary bladder
51
OFA
Orthopedic Foundation for Animals Wings of the ilium to stifles perfect symmetry Marked with L and R
52
PennHip
Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program
53
What does MRI stand for
Magnetic Resonance Imaging uses magnets to align the atoms within the patients body
54
Fluoroscopy
"Live/Real time" x-rays used to study motion of GI tract, ventilation, cardiac function
55
CT
Computed Tomography Uses x-rays and computers to produce images that show anatomy in cross section
56
Ultrasound
Provides detailed info about organ structures Real time images Soundwaves interact with tissues in the body and is reflected back to the transducer by echos
57
High frequency ultrasound probe
Better resolution and detail decreased depth
58
Lower frequency ultrasound probe
less detail and resolution penetrates greater depths
59
Preparation for ultrasounding a patient
Shave patient Use a gel
60
When hanging a lateral body cavity, the head is always to the ___ and the animals ___ aspect is to the top
head dorsal
61
When hanging a extremity radiograph you must hang the ___ bones towards to top and ___ bones to the bottom.
Proximal Distal
62
When hanging a V/D radiograph
cranial portion to top caudal portion to bottom patients R to our L
63
When can fetal skeletons be seen?
45-50 days of age
64
Which kidney is lower?
Left
65
Pneumothorax
Jetblack lung not bilateral pneumonia is bilateral and grey
66
Penetration
the number of x-rays that go through the object
67
Absorption
the number of x-rays that stay in the object
68
1/40 of a second is [slower/faster] than 1/60 of a second
slower
69
How should split plate radiographs be hung & how is this done?
Pick 1 to hang properly With a lead blocker
70
What are the 5 body cavaties?
Thorax Abdomen Spine Skull Pelvis
71
When taking back leg radiographs, which leg should be pulled forward (cranially)?
The leg that is touching the table
72
Radiograph too dark Radiograph too light
dark= decrease technique light= increase technique
73
How would you measure the patient for a radiograph?
Using the caliper, measuring the thickest point in cm.
74
Which kidney is lower?
Left kidney
75
What are the 4 types of X-ray units?
Conventional- large unit Mobile- common in large animal, large machine on wheels Mounted- dental Small portable- common in large animal, hand held
76
What are 5 common positioning devices for taking radiographs?
Foam wedges Foam boat Sand bags Tape, ties, gauze, etc... Chemical
77
What is wrong?
Femoral Fracture
78
What is wrong?
Osteosarcoma
79
Give common name of joint name visible bones
Elbow joint Radius & Ulna Humerus
80
What is wrong?
Urinary Stones
81
Give the common name of this joint Name the visible bones
Stifle Femur Tibia/Fibula Patella Flabella
82
What type of radiograph is this? What position is the patient in? Name some visible bones & organs
Thoracic Lateral Bones: Scapula, Humerus, Radius/Ulna, Sternum, Ribs, Thoracic Vertebrae Organs: Trachea, Heart, Diaphragm, Lung field
83
What is wrong? What position is the patient in? What are some visible bones & organs?
GDV Lateral Bones: Thoracic & Lumbar spine, Ribs, Sternum Organs: Bloated stomach, Diaphragm, Heart
84
What type of radiograph is this? What is wrong? What are some bones & organs that can be seen?
Barium Swallow Radiograph Megaesophagus Bones: Humerus, Sternum, Ribs, Thoracic & Lumbar Vertebrae Organs: Esophagus, Stomach, Heart, Trachea, Diaphragm, Intestines

Mini CPE #2 (8 decks)

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