Radiology

Question 1

(T/F) Pulmonary disease typically results in increased lung opacity.

Answer 1

(T)

Question 2

Pair the following distribution of a lung pattern to its typical cause:

Cranioventral
Caudodorsal
Perihilar

A - Aspiration pneumonia
B - Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
C - Cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Answer 2

Cranioventral (A)
Caudodorsal (B)
Perihilar (C)

Question 3

Describe an alveolar pattern.

Answer 3

(Homogenous, uniform opacity that can vary from solid/opaque to faint/fluffy)

Question 4

What determines whether an alveolar pattern will be solid/opaque versus faint/fully?

Answer 4

(How much the alveoli have filled with fluid; less = wispy, more = opaque)

Question 5

What is a lobar sign?

Answer 5

(The interface between a fluid filled versus air filled lung, will appear as a sharply demarcated line)

Question 6

What are the two radiographic findings that scream alveolar pattern?

Answer 6

(Air bronchograms and lobar signs)

Question 7

What does it mean that an alveolar pattern is a dominant pattern?

Answer 7

(If a patient has multiple lung patterns, the alveolar pattern will appear over any of them esp when opaque)

Question 8

What are the different types of fluid that can cause an alveolar pattern and what leads to those fluids being in the lungs?

Answer 8

(Pus → aspiration, bronchopneumonia, hematogenous; edema/water → cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic; hemorrhage/blood → trauma, coagulopathy)

Question 9

(T/F) Atelectasis causes an alveolar pattern.

Answer 9

(T, alveoli are collapsed instead of fluid filled)

Question 10

How can a linear interstitial pattern be artificially created?

Answer 10

(There may be a linear interstitial pattern on a expiratory radiograph or an underexposed radiograph)

Question 11

What is the distinction between an alveolar pattern and a linear interstitial pattern?

Answer 11

(Vasculature is visible in linear interstitial patterns whereas they are not visible in alveolar patterns)

Question 12

What would be on your differential list if you are presented with a linear interstitial pattern?

Answer 12

(Artifact, geriatric change, pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, pneumonia, neoplasia, and fibrosis)

Question 13

You are presented with radiographs that have relatively circumscribed nodules throughout, what is the lung pattern and what are the primary differentials?

Answer 13

(Nodular interstitial pattern, primary differentials are neoplasia or granulomatous dz)

Question 14

What do you look for to determine if a patient has a bronchial pattern on radiographs?

Answer 14

(End on thickened bronchi will look like donuts and longitudinal thickened bronchi will look like railroad tracks)

Question 15

What can cause a patient to have a bronchial pattern?

Answer 15

(Anything that causes bronchial inflammation → bronchitis, feline asthma, and pulmonary parasites (heartworm, roundworm migration))

Question 16

Veins in the lungs are always dorsal/ventral (choose) and lateral/central (choose).

Answer 16

(Ventral and central)

Question 17

Of the following diseases, pair them with the pertinent vascular pattern:

Heartworm disease
Left-to-right shunts (pulmonary overperfusion)
Left sided heart failure

A- Artery more affected than vein
B - Artery and vein equally enlarged
C - Vein more affected than artery

Answer 17

Heartworm disease (A)
Left-to-right shunts (pulmonary overperfusion) (B)
Left sided heart failure (C)

Question 18

The small intestines are normally displaced to the right/left (choose) in cats.

Answer 18

(Right)

Question 19

What is the normal diameter of canine small intestine?

Answer 19

(Less than 1.6 times the height of the body of L5)

Question 20

What is the normal diameter of feline small intestines?

Answer 20

(Less than or equal to 12 mm)

Question 21

Describe the abdominal radiograph of an animal with paralytic ileus.

Answer 21

(Mild generalized dilation, no one portion of the SI should be more dilated than the rest, equal dilation throughout)

Question 22

Describe the abdominal radiograph of an animal with obstructive ileus.

Answer 22

(More dramatic dilation, only the portion of bowel orad to the obstruction will be dilated so there will be two populations of bowel → one dilated (orad) and one normal (aborad))

Question 23

Describe the abdominal radiograph of an animal with a linear foreign body.

Answer 23

(Plication of the small intestines, eccentric (gas bubbles not in the center of the intestine, pushed off to the side by abnormally shaped SI) or comma shaped gas bubbles)