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Breathing and Cir. Exam 1 > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

Listed below are the sections of the ‘clock face analogy’ used when viewing the heart in VD/DV recumbency radiographs, give the pertinent anatomy.

  • 11:00-1:00
  • 1:00-2:00
  • 2:00-3:00
  • 2:00-5:00
  • 5:00-9:00
  • 9:00-11:00
A
  • 11:00-1:00 (Aorta)
  • 1:00-2:00 (Pulmonary trunk)
  • 2:00-3:00 (Left auricle)
  • 2:00-5:00 (Left ventricle)
  • 5:00-9:00 (Right ventricle)
  • 9:00-11:00 (Right atrium)
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2
Q

(T/F) Expiration can make the heart look enlarged due to decreased overall volume of the thorax.

A

True

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3
Q

(T/F) Radiographs are best for more severe cardiac abnormalities and other modalities would be better for subtle abnormalities.

A

True

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4
Q

Enlargement of what chamber of the heart would be indicated if you saw enlargement of the dorsocaudal border on a lateral view?

A

Left atrium

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5
Q

What direction deviation of the entire trachea would occur with enlargement of the left atrium?

A

Dorsal deviation

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6
Q

Left atrial enlargement may produce increased opacity at what location of the heart on a VD/DV radiograph?

A

Base of the heart

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7
Q

The enlargement of the left ventricle is typically combined with left atrial enlargement, this gives the heart what appearance?

A

‘Tall heart’; caudal heart border is elongated and upright

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8
Q

Besides increased width of the heart and elevation of trachea in severe cases, what else is indicative of right heart enlargement on a lateral radiograph that may be normal in brachycephalic breeds?

A

Increased sternal contact

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9
Q

The reserve ‘D’ appearance that can indicate right heart enlargement can be viewed on what radiograph recumbency?

A

VD/DV

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10
Q

(T/F) Pulmonary trunk enlargement is not routinely seen on lateral recumbency radiographs

A

True

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11
Q

Give the clock times (‘clock face analogy’) in which you would see pulmonary trunk enlargement on a VD/DV radiograph?

A

1:00-2:00

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12
Q

Give some examples of abnormalities (3 to be exact) that can cause generalized cardiomegaly.

A

Severe pericardial effusion, combined right/left heart enlargement, and pericardial-peritoneal diaphragmatic hernias

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13
Q

You take a lateral thoracic radiograph on a feline patient and see increased length of the heart and slight bulging of the cranial cardiac silhouette:
- Would the outward appearance of the left ventricle be abnormal?

A

No, abnormalities are inside

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14
Q

You take a lateral thoracic radiograph on a feline patient and see increased length of the heart and slight bulging of the cranial cardiac silhouette:
- These abnormalities would primarily be due to the enlargement of what chamber of the heart?

A

Left atrium

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15
Q

You take a lateral thoracic radiograph on a feline patient and see increased length of the heart and slight bulging of the cranial cardiac silhouette:
- When you take a VD recumbency radiograph, would you expect the apex of the heart to be affected?

A

No, normal apex is maintained

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16
Q

You take a lateral thoracic radiograph on a feline patient and see increased length of the heart and slight bulging of the cranial cardiac silhouette:
- What general shape would you expect the heart to appear similar to in the VD radiograph?

A

Valentines shape heart

17
Q

(T/F) Horizontal alignment of the heart is normal in geriatic felines.

A

True

18
Q

What is the vertebral heart score measurement best for assessing?

A

Cardiac change on serial radiographs on the SAME patient

19
Q

What are the lesser aggressive radiographic and CT signs of nasal disease?

A

Increased soft tissue opacity in nasal cavity/frontal sinus and loss/destruction of turbinates

20
Q

What are the more aggressive radiographic and CT signs of nasal disease?

A

Deviation/destruction of vomer bone, extension into frontal sinus, and nasal, or frontal bone lysis and/or proliferation

21
Q

Slight deviation in what direction is normal for the trachea on a VD/DV view?

A

Right

22
Q

What may be indicated if the trachea is ventrally deviated?

A

Esophageal dilation

23
Q

If the entire trachea is implicated in a tracheal collapse patient, when will the cervical trachea collapse, inspiration or expiration?

A

Inspiration

24
Q

If the entire trachea is implicated in a tracheal collapse patient, when will the thoracic trachea collapse, inspiration or expiration?

A

Expiration

25
Q

(T/F) There is a special marker, the mitchell marker, used to aid in evaluation of the fluid-air interface that can be seen in abnormally fluid filled sinus/cavities in a horse’s head.

A

True

Breathing and Cir. Exam 1 (8 decks)

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