LA Cardiorespiratory

Question 1

Where should you take an arterial pulse on a horse?

Answer 1

Facial artery

Question 2

Where should you take an arterial pulse on a cow?

Answer 2

Coccygeal artery

Question 3

Where should you take an arterial pulse on small ruminants?

Answer 3

Femoral artery

Question 4

Increased jugular pulse and/or prolonged jugular fill reflect what?

Answer 4

Increased right atrial pressure

Question 5

What is important to remember when assessing for increased jugular pulses or prolonged jugular fill?

Answer 5

Head position

Question 6

Since the oral mucous membranes of cows and horses may be pigmented, where else can you assess the color and capillary refill time of mucous membranes?

Answer 6

Conjunctiva and vaginal

Question 7

(T/F) You will miss a right sided murmur 100% of the time if you do not listen to the right side of a horse

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What causes the S3 and S4 heart sounds?

Answer 8

S3 - early diastolic filling, S4 - late diastolic filling and atrial kick

Question 9

During systole, AV valve ____________ (stenosis/regurgitation) and semilunar valve ____________ (stenosis/regurgitation) can cause murmurs.

Answer 9

Regurgitation, stenosis

Question 10

What else can cause a murmur during systole? Two answers.

Answer 10

Physiologic flow murmur and ventricular septal defects

Question 11

During diastole, AV valve ____________ (stenosis/regurgitation) and semilunar valve _____________ (stenosis/regurgitation) can cause murmurs.

Answer 11

Stenosis, regurgitation

Question 12

You’re listening to a horse and hear a murmur on the right side of the heart between S1 and S2, what valve and issue with that valve is indicated?

Answer 12

Right AV valve (tricuspid) regurgitation

Question 13

You’re listening to a horse and hear a murmur on the left side in the 3rd intercostal space between S2 and S1, what valve and issue with that valve is indicated?

Answer 13

Pulmonic valve regurgitation