Anesthesia Flashcards
What is general anesthesia?
Unconsciousness produced by a reversible and controlled depression of the CNS
What are three things you should consider in your patient assessment, outside of your physical exam findings?
Signalment, procedure to be performed, pre-existing diseases
What are the big four in terms of pre-anesthetic bloodwork?
PCV, TP, glucose, and BUN/Azo
When are ECGs more readily considered for pre-anesthetic workups?
When patients are 7 years of age and older
What can you do to quantify the amount of physiological reserve that a patient possesses at the time at which they are assessed for a surgical procedure?
Evaluate their ASA physical status
A patient is given an ASA I status, what does this mean?
Normal healthy patient, elective procedure
A patient is given an ASA IIIE status, what does this mean?
Mild to moderate systemic disease with clinical signs but under control, emergency procedure
(T/F) For an animal with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, fluid administration must be decreased.
True
What should be monitored for maintaining good renal blood flow when a patient has pre-existing renal disease?
MAP
What type of drugs increase urine production?
Alpha 2 agonists
What is an anesthesia drug that is excreted unchanged in the urine of cats?
Ketamine
What should be avoided in an animal with an intracranial mass that is innately increasing ICP?
Further increases
What can be done to avoid further increasing the ICP of a patient with an intracranial mass?
Decrease fluid rate, avoid hypoventilation, avoid drugs that increase ICP, use drugs that decrease ICP
What drug should be avoided in animals with a history of seizures who are undergoing anesthesia?
Ketamine
What class of drug are atropine and glycopyrrolate?
Anticholinergics
What class of drug are acepromazine, benzodiazepines, and alpha 2 agonists?
Tranquilizers/sedatives
What is the mechanism of action for anticholinergic drugs?
Competitive antagonist of acetylcholine at the muscarinic cholinergic receptors
Is the mechanism of action for anticholinergic drugs reversible?
Yes
Listed below are different parts of the body or body processes, give the effect atropine has on them.
- Heart rate
- Heart
- Respiratory
- Eyes
- GI tract
- Heart rate (Increase)
- Heart (Treatment for 2o AV block)
- Respiratory (Bronchodilation)
- Eyes (Mydriasis)
- GI tract (Stasis)
(T/F) Atropine crosses both the blood brain barrier and the placenta.
True
Does glycopyrrolate, which has similar effects as atropine, cross the blood brain barrier or placenta?
No
Compared to atropine, glycopyrrolate has a _________ (shorter/longer) onset and duration of action.
Longer
Anticholinergics are used to decrease both respiratory secretions and salivation as well as prevent/treat what abnormality of the heart?
Bradycardia
When are anticholinergics contraindicated in terms of the effect it has on the heart?
When a patient has pre-existing tachycardia