Anatomy Flashcards
(T/F) The pericardium is a serous lined sac within which lies the heart.
True
Between which two layers of pericardium is the pericardial cavity found?
Visceral and parietal serous pericardium
What is the layer of pericardium that surrounds the heart and serous pericardium?
Fibrous pericardium
(T/F) The pericardial mediastinal pleura lines the thoracic cavity and covers the mediastinal contents and is a part of the pericardium.
F, not apart of the pericardium
What is another name for the visceral serous pericardium?
Epicardium
What is found in the intercostal spaces?
Internal intercostal muscle, external intercostal muscle, intercostal artery, vein, and nerve
What is the mediastinum?
Space between the right and left pleural cavities
What is the ligament that connects the diaphragm to the pericardium that is present in carnivores?
Phrenicopericardial ligament
The sternopericardial ligament connects what to the pericardium in large animals?
Sternum
What does the pericardial ligament blend with caudally in birds to form the hepatopericardial ligament?
Hepatic mesentery
(T/F) The heart lies partially right of the midline in quadrupeds
F, left
Listed below are the intercostal spaces that correlate to the position of the heart in certain species, give the species for the ICS listed.
a. ICS 4-7
b. ICS 2-5
c. ICS 3-6
d. ICS 2-6
ICS 4-7 (Feline)
ICS 2-5 (Cattle)
ICS 3-6 (Canine)
ICS 2-6 (Horse)
What maintains the direction of blood flow in veins?
Valves
What is the direction of blood flow in arteries dependent on?
Pressure gradient
(T/F) Oxygenation or deoxygenation of the blood contained within them does not differentiate between arteries and veins.
True
The atrial side of the heart is the (right/left) side and the auricular side of the heart is the (right/left) side.
Right, left
What two septums divide the right and left sides of the heart?
Interatrial and interventricular septums
Which ventricle of the heart lies more cranially which allows for observation of enlargement of this ventricle on lateral radiographs?
Right ventricle
What is the purpose of the intravenous tubercle located in the right atrium?
Reduction of turbulence of the blood entering the right atrium
The coronary sinus is the dilation of the great cardiac vein and the opening of the coronary sinus is visible where in the right atrium?
Ventral to the opening of the caudal vena cava into the right atrium
What is the common name for the right atrioventricular valve?
Tricuspid valve
What are the two common names for the left atrioventricular valve?
Mitral or bicuspid valve
What is the difference between the parietal and septal cusps of the atrioventricular valves?
Parietal - attaches to the wall of the ventricles, septal - attaches to the septum of the ventricles
What do the chordae tendineae connect?
AV valve leaflets and papillary muscles