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MOHDIII - Unit 2 > Radiologic Imaging > Flashcards

Radiologic Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

Physiologic imaging

A

SPECT, PET

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2
Q

X-Ray contrast agents

A

Iodine, barium

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3
Q

Use of iodine based contrast

A

administered through IV, visualize blood vessels, may cause anaphylactic reaction

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4
Q

Barium-based contrast

A

administered orally or as enema, visualize GI tract

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5
Q

Uses of X-rays

A

bony fractures/pathology, foreign objects, growth studies, infections, mammography

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6
Q

advantages of X-rays

A

low cost, high yield, low radiation exposure

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7
Q

x-ray limitations

A

low resolution, poor contrast for soft tissues

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8
Q

Uses of computed tomography

A
  1. head (trauma, stroke, cancer)
  2. lungs (nodules, emphysema, fibrosis)
  3. cardiac (embolisms, blockages)
  4. abdominal/pelvic (trauma, acute pain, cancer)
  5. extremities (complex fractures)
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9
Q

advantages of CT

A

fast, high resolution

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10
Q

limitations of CT

A

moderate to high radiation dose

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11
Q

MRI physics

A

magnetic field (Bo) created by a strong magnet, which is then perturbed by gradient coils. radiation of hydrogen atoms as they relax back to Bo are measured

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12
Q

MRI contrast agents

A

metal chelates (gadolinium): shorten relaxation times of surrounding protons, administered IV/orally, anaphylaxis is rare

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13
Q

Uses of MRI

A

neuroimaging, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal, abdominal imaging

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14
Q

advantages of MRI

A

no exposure to ionizing radiation, good soft tissue contrast

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15
Q

limitations to MRI

A

implants, pacemakers, metallic foreign bodies not compatible, claustrophobia & noise issues, all equipment in the imaging suite needs to be MR-safe

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16
Q

Ultrasound physics

A

sounds wave produced b/w 1-18 Hz. travels and reflects off tissues and transducer absorbs reflected waves. image generated based off strength and time it took for waves to return

17
Q

Uses of ultrasound

A

obstetrics, cardiology, abdominal, head and neck, pelvis

18
Q

advantages of ultrasound

A

instant image, no ionizing radiation, inexpensive & high yield

19
Q

limitations of ultrasound

A

not able to penetrate bone, gas creates poor images, QUALITY OF IMAGES IS OPERATOR-DEPENDENT

20
Q

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) physics

A

same as MRI but uses change in magnetization b/w oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, change in blood flow can be measured being coupled to neural activation - blood flow changes mapped onto normal MR image

21
Q

uses of fMRI

A

functional brain mapping, detect effects of disease on brain function

22
Q

advantages of fMRI

A

no ionizing radiation, studies can be repeated multiple times

23
Q

limitations to fMRI

A

spatial/temporal resolution is limited, claustrophobia, no quantative

24
Q

Physics of fluoroscopy (interventional radiography)

A

same as x-ray but detector system is an image intensifier, interventional radiologist controls the fluoroscopy

25
Q

uses of fluoroscopy

A

angiography, placement of cardiac stents, guided biopsies, GI fluoroscopy

26
Q

advantages of fluoroscopy

A

real-time imaging, inexpensive compared to MR or CT

27
Q

limitations of fluoroscopy

A

medium radiation exposure, misuse could cause radiation burns

28
Q

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) physics

A

VERY SENSITIVE TOOL. molecules are labeled w/ gamma-emitting radionuclides, gamma ray is detected and then image can be overlaid a CT

29
Q

uses of SPECT

A

bone scan, MI, parathyroid imaging, functional brain imaging, cancer imaging, infection imaging, GI function imaging

30
Q

advantages of SPECT

A

ability to determine physiological function

31
Q

limitations to SPECT

A

low resolution, medium to high radiation exposure

32
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) physics

A

similar to SPECT but uses positron-emitting radionuclides, positron annihilates when it encounters electron resulting in two 511 keV gamma rays, also overlaid CT image

33
Q

uses of PET

A

oncology, neuroimaging, cardiology, regional cerebral blood flow, infections, bone scan

34
Q

advantages of PET

A

physiological function, better resolution than SPECT, images ARE quantitative

35
Q

limitations of PET

A

positron-emitting radioisotopes are short lived, take longer, more expensive

36
Q

Anatomic Imaging

A

Diagnostic radiography (x-ray), Ultrasound, CT, MRI

MOHDIII - Unit 2 (23 decks)

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