Radiography Flashcards
When X-rays are absorbed by the enamel they appear light grey/white what is this known as ?
Radiopaque
When X-rays pass through the enamel they appear dark grey to black what is this known as ?
Radiolucent
What are the X-ray guidelines?
- Must be clinically Justified
- (ALARP)
- Controlled zone
- QA (Quality assurance)
What is ALARP and what is its requirement?
Ensures the regulation of a low dosage so patients are kept safe
(Clinical Justifications and Optimisation)
Fast films, Short exposure time, Rectangular collimator
What are the hazards associated with ionizing radiation?
Mutation of chromosomes
What is the need of Quality assurance (QA) in a dental practice?
Ensures the regulation of sys maintenance = produces consistently high quality dental images
Uses a scoring sys that must be 70% to be scored excellent
What does IRR17 stand for? What does relate to?
- Ionsing Radiation Regulations 2017
- Aims to protects staff by the introduction of 3-point-risk-based assessment of regulatory control
- Enforced by the HSE
What does IR(ME)R 2017 stand for? What does relate to?
- Ionsing Radiations (Medical Exposure) Regulation
- Aims to protect patients from unjustified radiations exposure with guidelines/principles E.g, ALARP
- Enforced by the CQC
What does RPS stand for? and what is their role?
- Radiation protection supervisor
- In charge of supervising the use and maintenance of radiography equipment in a dental practice
What does RPA stand for? What are the qualifications and responsibilities of an RPA ?
- Radiation protection advisor
- Certificate of competence
- Gives advice on actions and regulations a practice must follow to be compliant
What are the key features of the ionising radiation regulations (local rules)?
- Name of designated RPS,RPA & MPE
- Identified control area 1.5M from the head of the machine + Warning of ionising radiation
- Instructions in the event of machine malfunctions
- Indicator of exposure time E.g, audible buzzer
What is an Intra-oral? + Example?
Taken within the oral cavity.
for a precise area
E.g., Bite wing, anterior occlusal, periapical
What is an extra-oral? + Example?
Taken outside the oral cavity
A larger more overall dental imagine supplied cassettes
E.g., DPT, lateral oblique, lateral skull radiograph
List the layers of an intra-oral x-ray film packet?
- Tube side wrapping
- Black paper
- Film with mounting pimple
- Black paper
- Lead foil
- Tube sie wrapping
List the layers of an extra-oral cassette?
- Cassette case
- Base of intensifying screen
- Rare earth coating
- X-ray film
- Rare earth coating
- Base intensifying screen
What is the layout of Manual processing?
Dark-end room using red safety lamp - Developer Tank (lid prevents oxidation contains alkaline developing fluid ) - Wash - Fixer tank - Wash Using a bath maintained at 18-22c
3 types of Collimator angulations faults?
Elongation - Stretched imagine
Foreshortening - Squashed image
coning - partial exposure of the film
Fault: Black spots
Reasons for Fault?
Films splashed with fixer before developing
Fault: Black line across film
Reasons for Fault?
Bent or folded during processing
Fault: Brown or green stains
Reasons for Fault?
Inadequate fixing due to old solution
Fault: Crazed pattern on film
Reasons for Fault?
Film dried to quickly over a strong heat source
Fault: Presence of crystals on film
Reasons for Fault?
Insufficient washing after fixing
What is the fault If the developing solution is to concentrated/ film is overdeveloped?
The film will appear dark
If the film is placed in the fixer before the developer what happens to the film ?
Image is destroyed film appears blank
What would cause a film to appear partially blank ?
film is partially immersed in developer solution
If a film is processed in a room/machine that’s is not light tight (exposed before processing) what is the fault?
Fogged film
if the film is underdeveloped that what would the fault be?
Faint imagine
What is the result of inadequate fixing time on a film?
Fading image
If the Film becomes contaminated with solutions spillages what will the fault be?
Visible Artefacts
What is the correct storage method for any unexposed x-ray films to preserve their quality?
Away from:
- Radiation
- Heat
- Liquid
In sock rotation
