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Dental Nursing > Microbiology and Pathology > Flashcards

Microbiology and Pathology Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the structure of bacteria?

A

Single-celled micro-organism, containing a cell wall

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2
Q

What is the shape of staphylococci and streptococcus ?

A

Staphylococci = Circular cluster,
Streptococcus = Circular chain

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3
Q

What is the shape of Bacilli and Lactobacilli ?

A

Bacilli = Rod-shaped with pointed ends
Lactobacilli = Rod-shaped with rounded ends

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4
Q

What is the shape of spirochetes ?

A

Spiral

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5
Q

Why are spores harder to get rid of ?

A

They have a hard outer coating that protects the bacteria within from ranging temps and chemicals

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6
Q

What are the two types of agents of antibiotics and what do they do ?

A

Bactericidal agents: kills bacteria

Bacteriostatic agents: prevents production and multiplying [targets cell wall]

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7
Q

What are the common antibiotics used in a dental Practice?

A
  • Amoxicillin 500-mg 3x daily for up to 5 days
  • Metronidazole 400mg 3x daily for up to 5 days

Clarithromycin/erythromycin 250mg 2x daily for up to 5 days Alternative to penicillin

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8
Q

What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic bacteria?

A
  • Anaerobic Bacteria- can survive in low oxygen levels
  • Aerobic Bacteria – Require’s oxygen
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9
Q

How do viruses survive?

A

by living within a host cell

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10
Q

What are some important viruses that are present in the dental profession?

A

Hepatitis ABC, HIV, Herpes simplex, Espein-Barr virus, Paramyxovirus, Coxsackievirus

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11
Q

What treatment is used to treat viruses?

A

Anti-viral (aciclovir)

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12
Q

How are virus infected instruments cleaned?

A

They must be sterilised to cleaned with specialised viricidal chemicals

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13
Q

Describe the structure of fungi ?

A

Plant like organisms that grow as an extensive network of branches lying across the body tissues (Hyphae) and reproduce by budding out from the ends of the hyphae or by the production of spores from fruiting bodies

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14
Q

What are some important fungi that are present in the dental profession?

A

Candida albicans, oral thrush, chronic oral candidosis, Angular cheilitis

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15
Q

What treatment is used to treat Fungi?

A

Anti-fungal, Topical nystatin, Amphotercin lozenges, miconazole gel and fluconazole tablets

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16
Q

What is stomatitis

A

Infection is a General inflammatory condition affecting the oral cavity. Often due to dentures/general debilitation and malnutrition caused by candida

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17
Q

What is Angular Cheilitis?

A

Inflammation at the corners (angels) of the mouth

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18
Q

What is Glossitis?

A

Inflammation of the tongue often seen in iron deficiency anaemia can be caused by Candida

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19
Q

What are Analgesics

A

Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, aspirin

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20
Q

Examples of Direct contact, Airborne droplets, Aerosol spray, Direct entry and Inoculation injury

A

Direct contact - Bodily fluids, saliva, blood or vomit etc

Airborne droplets - from infected person sneezing, coughing or spitting

Aerosol spray - caused due to hand pieces

Direct entry - through damaged skin, cuts, grazes, piercings

Inoculation injury - pick and poke injury

21
Q

Tissue repair

A
22
Q

Chronic infections

A
23
Q

What is Natural immunity?

A

Present at birth (randomly inherited)

24
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

present from birth (inherited from mother)

25
Q

What is accquired immunity?

A

Naturally from acquired antibodies due to overcoming an illness

26
Q

What are the vaccinations required in dentistry?

A

Hep B, MMR [measles, mumps and rubella], TB, Polio, Diphtheria and tetanus, chickening pox, meningitis

27
Q

What is used for avoidance of cross Infection?

A

Staff vaccination, PPE + Cleaning procedures, single use disposables, sterilisation, clinical areas clean and dirty, thorough hand cleaning.

28
Q

short description of Dental caries?

A

Streptococcus mutants in hard tissues of a tooth

29
Q

short description of Periodontal disease?

A

Infection in the gingivae and periodontal tissues

30
Q

Short description of Oral thrush ?

A

fungal infection within the oral cavity

31
Q

Periapical abscess:

A

Infection at pulp that leaks to apex

32
Q

Periodontal abscess:

A

Bacteria in a pocket causing an abscess

33
Q

Aphthous ulcer:

A

ulceration of soft tissue [no infection]

34
Q

Herpetic ulcer

A

Ulceration caused via herpes simplex

35
Q

Anug [acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis]

A

acute infection of the gingivae causing ulceration [Bacillus fusifromis and Treponema vincenti]

36
Q

Dental cyst

A

associated with a tooth [unerupted/erupted]

37
Q

Alveolar bone cyst:

A

formed within the jaw of the bone

38
Q

Pericoronitis

A

caused by Streptococci milleri group = infection of third molar tooth [wisdom tooth]

39
Q

Localised osteitis

A

Dry sockets

40
Q

Cellulitis

A

Infections that spreads from tooth to surrounding deep soft tissues

41
Q

Cleft palate:

A

birth defect, in the palate the two bony halves fail to join [occurs during Embryonic development]

42
Q

Oral cancer

A

Malignant tumour that affects the soft tissues orally squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]

43
Q

Herpes simplex type one: [Gingivostomatitis]

A

Acute inflammation of the soft oral tissues

Gingivostomatitis: ulcers within oral cavity

44
Q

Herpes Labialis

A

cold sore

45
Q

Herpes Zoster

A

Shingles

46
Q

Diabetes: effects of the disease on the oral cavity?

A
  • Xerostomia: Dry mouth
  • Poor wound healing
  • Infection: peripheral vascular disease and peripheral neuropathy = reduced blood flow and nerve sensation within the oral cavity = more readily into abscesses
47
Q

Affects of epilepsy medication

A

Medication Epilim has a side affected of gingival hyperplasia

48
Q

Affects of Eating disorders on the oral cavity ?

A

Enamel erosion = due to acidic residing on the teeth when throwing up [bulimia] Affects the palatal surface of upper teeth/ anterior teeth

Soft tissue burns= Burns caused by acid present in vomit

49
Q

Digestive disorders that affects the oral cavity

A

Crohn’s disease: A chronic inflammatory disease that affects the GIT shows orally as ulceration throughout the oral cavity

Ulcerative colitis: A chronic inflammatory affecting the colon and rectal areas of the GIT shows orally as aphthous ulcers

Coeliac disease: [small intestine] Gluten intolerance, appears orally as ulcerations, glossitis and stomatitis

Dental Nursing (16 decks)

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