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Dental Nursing > General Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

General Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Define: Tissue, Organs and systems

A

Tissue - A group of cells that work as a unit to carry of a particular function

Organs –collection of tissue that’s specialist to carry out a particular function E.g., Heart

Systems – organs that have related functions E.g., Digestive sys

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2
Q

What valve is connected between the right atrium and right ventricle ?

A

Tricuspid valve

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3
Q

What valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary valve

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4
Q

What valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle

A

Mitral valve

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5
Q

Where does blood from the pulmonary artery travel to ?

A

The Lungs to become oxygenated

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6
Q

What does the Pulmonary vein do ?

A

Transports oxygenated blood to the left atrium

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7
Q

4 Types of pulses and there locations

A

Carotid pulse = Side of neck
Radial pulse = Inner wrist
Brachial pulse = inner elbow
Femoral pulse = inner thigh

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8
Q

What is an Erythrocyte ? 3 features

A
  • RBC
  • no nucleus,
  • Biconcave
  • Produced via red bone marrow
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9
Q

What is a Leucocytes ? 3 features

A
  • WBC
  • Helps the immune system,
  • found in lymph nodes and bone marrow
  • Travels via capillaries to affected tissues
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10
Q

What are platelets ? 3 features

A
  • made up of Thrombocytes
  • no nucleus
  • found in bone marrow
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11
Q

what is the Plasma and what does it contain?

A
  • Fluid that carries blood cells
  • Contains 90% H2O
  • Contains plasma proteins
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12
Q

What is heart failure ? and name some examples?

A

Is a result of inadequate pumping of blood around the body

  • Myocardial infraction
  • Myocarditis
  • Valvular disease
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13
Q

What does partial blockage in a coronary artery cause ? and why ?

A
  • Angina

- Reduced blood flow causes myocardial ischaemia

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14
Q

What is renal failure? and how is it related to myocardial ischaemia

A

The inability to remove sufficient fluid during urination resulting in fluid retention (oedema) = increased BP and over along period of time the strain on the body cause myocardial ischaemia

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15
Q

What is a Thrombus made up of? and what health issues can it cause ?

A
  • Plaque, fatty cholesterol and platelets

- Angina, Myocardial infraction, stroke and pulmonary embolism

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16
Q

what is the percentage of oxygen and Carbon that is present in expired air?

A

O2 - 16% and CO2 - 4%

17
Q

What part of the body prevents food and water from passing into the lungs by closing the trachea?

A

Epiglottis

18
Q

What is the name for the hair light structures used to remove foreign particles out of the body ?

A

Cilia

19
Q

What is the sequence for the digestive system?

A

Mastication, Pharynx (deglutition), Oesophagus (Peristalsis down the throat to stomach) to small intestine, large intestine then excreted

20
Q

What does the small intestine do ?

A

Completes digestion and absorbs nutrients

21
Q

What are some of the features and functions of the liver

A
  • Produces and stores bile
  • Produces plasma proteins for the blood
  • Stores and distributes iron
  • Stores vitamin
  • Detoxification of drugs and alcohol
22
Q

What is the function of the pancreas ?

A

Breaks down: Proteins, Carbs, Fats
and
Releases insulin + glycogen

23
Q

Where can you find proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats and minerals

A
  • Proteins: Meat /fish (cell growth/repair)
  • Carbohydrates: Starchy foods/sugars from fruit (cell energy production)
  • Fats: Meat/Milk/Cheese/nuts and seeds
  • Minerals: Calcium/Phosphate/fluoride/sodium/ iron
24
Q

what is the CNS and what is it made up of?

A

Central nervous system made up of the spinal cord and brain

25
Q

name 3 types of motor nerves and there controls?

A

Somatic - Impulses to Musculoskeletal sys (V)
Autonomic - Impulses to blood vessels (I)
Enteric - Impulses to GI tract (I)

26
Q

What are the 4 lobes

A

Frontal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Partietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe

27
Q

Where is the cerebellum and what does it do?

A

Is beneath the occipital lobe

controls balance, posture and coordination of movement

28
Q

What is the Foramen Magnum ?

A

Large, oval-shaped opening in the occipital bone of the skull

**Foramina= an opening, hole, or passage, in a bone.

29
Q

Name 4 types of Cerebrovascular

A

Cerebral Thrombosis - clot in brain
Cerebral Embolism - Loose clot
Cerebral Haemorrhage - Cerebral blood vessel ruptures
TIA (Transient ischaemic attack) mini stroke

30
Q

What are the two types of seizures ?

A
  • Grand mal seizure: unconscious, rigid, uncontrollable jerking
  • Petit mal seizure: moment of unconsciousness
31
Q

Where is the Nasopalatine and what does it anaesthetise ?

A
  • Maxillary division
  • Palatine gum of teeth from 1-3
  • Injection sight: Incisive foramen
    (does not anaesthetise teeth only gum)
32
Q

Where is the Greater palatine nerve and what does it anaesthetise ?

A
  • Maxillary Division
  • Palatine gum from 4-8
  • Injection sight: Greater palatine foramen
    (does not anaesthetise teeth only gum)
33
Q

What does the superior dental nerve consist of ? and what teeth does it anaesthetise ?

A

Anterior: Teeth 1-3 + buccal gingival
Middle: Teeth 4-6 + buccal gingival
Posterior: 6-8 + buccal gingival

34
Q

Where is the Inferior dental nerve and what does it anaesthetise ?

A
  • Mandibular division
  • Teeth 1-8 + buccal gum 1-5
  • Injection sight: Mandibular foramen
35
Q

Where is the lingual nerve and what does it anaesthetise ?

A

Mandibular division

- Lingual gum from 1-8, floor of the mouth and 2/3 of the tongue

36
Q

Where is the long buccal nerve and what does it anaesthetise ?

A

Mandibular division

- Buccal gum of 6-8

37
Q

Where is the Mental nerve and what does it anaesthetise ?

A

Mandibular division
- anterior teeth only 1-3, lower lip + chin
Injection sight: Mental foramen

Dental Nursing (16 decks)

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