Oral anatomy and physiology

Question 1

What oral tissue provides a hard-wearing surface that can withstand regular abrasive contact ?

Answer 1

Epithelial membrane

Question 2

What is the function of the soft palate?

Answer 2

• Works to seal the oral cavity from the nasal cavity when swallowing - Is attached to the back of the hard palate

Question 3

What is the function of the tongue ? and what is its placement in the oral cavity ?

Answer 3

Aids in speech, taste, mastication, deglutition and cleaning

• Posterior one-third of the tongue lies in the throat and attached to the floor of the moth
• The body of the tongue is within the oral cavity and is attached by the lingula frenum

Question 4

What is the function of teeth ?

Answer 4

Aids on mastication and digestion

Question 5

What are the two sets of teeth we have during our life time ?

Answer 5

20 Deciduous [milk teeth] A-E
32 Permanent 1-8
- Central and lateral incisors, canines 1st 2nd premolars 1st 2nd 3rd molars

Question 6

What tissue is enamel comprised of ?

Answer 6

Ameloblast

Question 7

What is the dental tissue that is non-living and therefore cannot grow/repair itself

Answer 7

Enamel

Question 8

What is the percentage of mineral crystals found in enamel and how Is its arrangement ?

Answer 8

ninety six percent mineral crystals [calcium hydroxyapatite][inorganic] arranged as prisms in an interprismatic substance

Question 9

How is the colour of the tooth determined ?

Answer 9

Via dentine as enamel is translucent

Question 10

What is the percentage of inorganic tissue found in dentine and what tissue is mainly composed of?

Answer 10

Up to Eighty percent inorganic tissues mainly calcium hydroxyapatite tissue

Question 11

What issue is dentine comprised of ?

Answer 11

Odentoblast

Question 12

What type of dental tissue is living and therefore can grow/repair itself ? using what?

Answer 12

Dentine via secondary dentine

Question 13

What tissue is the cementum comprised of ?

Answer 13

Cementoblasts

Question 14

What junction is formed between cementum+ root dentine contact ?

Answer 14

Dentinocemental

Question 15

What dental tissue allows attachment of the root to the periodontal ligament ?

Answer 15

Cementum

Question 16

What tissue is the Pulp comprised of ?

Answer 16

Odentoblats

Question 17

Where does the pulp tissues enter through ?

Answer 17

via Apical foramen

Question 18

What does the gingiva cover? and what is it attached to?

Answer 18

Attached gingiva covers the alveolar process [attached to the muscoperiosteum]

Question 19

Where is the point of which periodontal disease can start ?

Answer 19

Area between the teeth and oral epithelium

Question 20

What tissue is the periodontal ligament comprised of?

Answer 20

Fibrous tissue made up of collagen

Question 21

What does the periodontal ligament do?

Answer 21

Attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone

Question 22

What are the main types of fibres found in the periodontal ligament ?

Answer 22

Alveolar Crest fibres/ Horizontal fibres/ Oblique fibres/ Apical fibres/ Transseptal fibres/ Free gingival fibres

Question 23

What is the purpose of the salivary gland? and what type of gland is it ?

Answer 23

Salivary glands produce saliva in the oral cavity via ducts (exocrine glands)

Question 24

What are the types of saliva that are produced?

Answer 24

• Mucous saliva: thick/aids lubrication of the oral cavity and contains enzymes and minerals
  +
• Serous saliva: thin/secretes antibodies and electrolytes [alkaline]

Question 25

What is the largest salivary gland and what duct does it use ?

Answer 25

Parotid - deep in the muscle between the mandibular ramps and ear
Connected via Stenson duct

Question 26

What is Paramyxovirus and what gland does it affect ?

Answer 26

Mumps

Affects the parotid gland

Question 27

What is the longest gland ? and what duct does it use?

Answer 27

• Submandibular gland - located on the posterior area of the floor of the mouth beneath the mylohyoid muscle
• Wharton duct

Question 28

Where are you likely to find Calculi?

Answer 28

Submandibular Gland

Question 29

What gland is located on the floor of the moth above the mylohyoid muscle ?

Answer 29

Sublingual salivary gland

Question 30

What are the major glands ?

Answer 30

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual salivary gland