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ORPT 301 > Radiographic Image Characteristics > Flashcards

Radiographic Image Characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

Will you always get an image? Why?

A
  • Yes
  • Receptors are designed to respond to radiation
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2
Q

What is the goal of an image?

A

Optimum diagnostic quality with minimal patient radiation exposure

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3
Q

What is a good radiographic image?

A

A radiograph that reproduces anatomical structures/tissue

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4
Q

Image characteristics

A
  • Density
  • Contrast
  • Noise
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5
Q

This degree and pattern of darkness depends on…

A
  • Energy and intensity of x-ray photons
  • Subject composition
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6
Q

Characteristic radiation

A

Interacts primarily valence electrons

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7
Q

Breaking radiation

A

Produces electrons that primarily interact with the nucleus

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8
Q

Radiographic density definition

A

Overall degree of darkening of the image or exposed image receptor

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9
Q

Low density

A

Underexposed, too light

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10
Q

High density

A

Over exposure, too dark

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11
Q

Primary controlling factor of density

A

Milliamperage, mA

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12
Q

Contributing factors for density

A
  • Exposure time, seconds
  • Distance
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13
Q

Will density be equal if mA is equal when comparing?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Do you change kVp to change density?

A

No

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15
Q

mAs directly control…

A

The number of x-ray photons produced

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16
Q

If mAs increase, then density…

A

Increases

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17
Q

What is the ideal exposure time when mA is constant?

A

0.5 seconds

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18
Q

Effects of distance in radiographs include…

A
  • Intensity of x-ray beam reduces as focal spot to object distance increases
  • Inverse square law
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19
Q

Primary factor in density?

A

mA

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20
Q

kVp is the primary factor for…

A

Contrast

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21
Q

As you increase the kVp, do you increase or decrease penetrability of the x-ray?

A

Increase

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22
Q

As thickness increases, the more photons…

A

Absorbed

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23
Q

As thickness decreases, the more photons

A

Hit the sensor

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24
Q

Is enamel high or low in atomic number?

A

High

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25
Q

Is enamel radiolucent or radiopaque?

A

Radiopaque

26
Q

Attenuated definition

A

Absorbed

27
Q

The thicker the subject or object is, the more the beam is attenuated, and…

A

The light becomes the resultant image

28
Q

Range of kVp in dental clinics are…

A

60-70 kVp

29
Q

In order to achieve optimum density, kVp or time should be adjusted when…

A

Subject thickness varies

30
Q

Image contrast is…

A

The degree of difference in the shades of the gray on the radiograph

31
Q

High contrast

A
  • Few shades of gray
  • Low kVp
  • Short scale contrast
32
Q

Low contrast

A
  • Many shades of gray
  • High kVp
  • Long scale of gray, more colors
33
Q

Children require more or less radiation compared to adults?

A

Less

34
Q

Noise

A
  • Spurious information about an object
  • Degrades images
  • Makes difficult to differentiate between structure
35
Q

Noise is the appearance of uneven _______ in a digital sensor

A

Density

36
Q

As mA increase, density

A

Increases

37
Q

As mA decreases, density

A

Decreases

38
Q

As kV increases, density

A

Increases

39
Q

As kV decreases, density

A

Decreases

40
Q

As time increases, density

A

Increases

41
Q

As time decreases, density

A

Decreases

42
Q

As thickness increases, density

A

Decreases

43
Q

Increased kV leads to ___ - scale contrast

A

Low -scale contrast, low contrast

44
Q

Decreased kV leads to ___ - scale contrast

A

Short-scale contrast, high contrast

45
Q

Image sharpness

A

Measurement of how well a boundary between two areas of differing radiodensity is revealed

46
Q

Spatial resolution

A

Measures how well a radiograph is able to reveal small objects that are close

47
Q

Smaller the focal spot..

A

The sharper the image

48
Q

Can you control the focal spot size?

A

No

49
Q

If you move sensor away from tooth, the image will…

A

Not be sharp

50
Q

If you increase distance from focal spot, you will avoid…

A

Magnification error, including foreshortening and elongating

51
Q

Radiographic sharpness

A

Ability of radiographic to define an edge precisely

52
Q

Radiographic resolution

A

Ability of the radiograph to record separate structures that are close together

53
Q

An increase in the mA, kVp, or exposure time will increase…

A

The overall density of the image

54
Q

mAs directly control what?

A

Number of x-ray photons produced

55
Q

What does kVp control?

A

Energy and penetrability/quality of x-ray

56
Q

High kVp is specifically used in what kind of objects?

A

Thick objects

57
Q

As subject/object thickness increases, what happens to X-ray absorption and density?

A

Absorption increases, density decreases

58
Q

What is image contrast?

A

Degree of difference in the shades of gray on the radiograph

59
Q

Why is contrast important?

A

Various structures and pathologies will pop up if contrast is good

60
Q

What are other factors that contribute to image contrast?

A

Subject thickness, density, and atomic number

61
Q

Does an increasing kVp increase or decrease the subject contrast?

A

Decreases

ORPT 301 (10 decks)

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