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ORPT 301 > Intraoral Radiographic Techniques > Flashcards

Intraoral Radiographic Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

Periapical

A

Whatever is present around the apex of the tooth

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2
Q

Bitewing

A

Looking for interdental bone levels
Open up contacts to focus on interproximal areas

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3
Q

Crown

A

Above bone

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4
Q

Root

A

Part of tooth below bone

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5
Q

Apex

A

Terminal part of root

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6
Q

How much space is needed above the root apex in the radiograph?

A

2-3mm of periapical space

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7
Q

Radiopaque

A
  • White areas on image
  • Objects that absorb X-rays and do not allow free passage
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8
Q

What types of areas are radiopaque?

A

Bone, enamel, dentin

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9
Q

Radiolucent

A
  • Black area on an image
  • Objects permit the passage of all or some X-rays
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10
Q

What types of areas are radiolucent?

A

Tissue, gingiva, infection

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11
Q

How many radiographs are in a standard FMX at VCU?

A

20 images

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12
Q

What does an FMX consist of?

A

14-16 PAs
4 bitewings

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13
Q

Position Indicating Device

A

Guide where you should place the X-ray tube

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14
Q

Suspension arm

A

Holds X-ray tube on the wall

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15
Q

Control panel

A

Has exposure parameters

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16
Q

Image receptor

A

VCU uses digital sensors
Soon as you do the exposure you’ll be the image on the screen in real time

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17
Q

Which periodical radiograph technique is used by VCU?

A

Paralleling technique

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18
Q

How does the paralleling technique work?

A

Long axis of tooth and image receptor is parallel while X-rays are perpendicular to both

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19
Q

Horizontal angulation in paralleling technique

A

Center of X-ray beam must be directed towards the interproximal contact areas

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20
Q

Vertical angulation in paralleling technique

A

Central ray is directed perpendicular to receptor and long axis of the tooth

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21
Q

Bisecting technique

A
  • Place sensor close to the teeth, not parallel
  • Forms angle, x-rays are then perpendicular to to the imaginary bisector rather than the long axis
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22
Q

Vertical angulation in bisecting technique

A

Results in an image identical to the tooth in dimension

23
Q

When would you use the bisecting technique?

A
  • Difficulty in positing receptor parallel to teeth
  • Difficult anatomy, pt is unable to tolerate the holders
  • Edentulous patients (missing a bunch of teeth)
  • Pediatric pt
  • Severe gag reflex
  • No digital sensors available
24
Q

Blue

A

Anterior

25
Q

Red

A

Bitewing

26
Q

Yellow

A

Posterior

27
Q

Green

A

Endo

28
Q

Error A: Missing areas due to incorrect sensor position

A

Missing apex, periapical bone, part of the tooth and root, bone level

29
Q

Error B: Beam Angulation

A
  • Incorrect horizontal beam leads to overlap of the interproximal contacts
  • Incorrect vertical angulation leads to elongation or foreshortening and missing anatomy
30
Q

Error C: Cone cut

A

Incorrect horizontal and vertical angulation, PID is not aligned with the XCP ring

31
Q

What does a periapical radiograph focus on?

A

Tooth apex and the bone levels/structures around the apex

32
Q

What is captured in a bitewing image?

A
  • Maxillary teeth
  • Mandibular teeth
  • Alveolar bone
33
Q

What image is ideal for alveolar bone loss?

A

Bitewing radiograph

34
Q

What type of bitewing is used for periodontal evaluation?

A

Vertical bite wing

35
Q

What periapical radiograph technique is most commonly used to produce radiographs with minimal distortion?

A

Paralleling technique

36
Q

Bisecting angulation ranges for maxillary teeth?

A
  • Incisors: +40 to +50
  • Canines: +45 to +55
  • Premolars: +30 to +40
  • Molars: +20 to +30
37
Q

Bisecting angulation ranges for mandibular teeth?

A
  • Incisors: -15 to -25
  • Canines: -20 to -30
  • Premolars: -10 to -15
  • Molars: -5 to 0
38
Q

Where do you place the sensor for maxillary central incisors PA?

A

Level to the second premolar for maximum palatal height

39
Q

Where do you place the sensor for maxillary lateral incisors PA?

A

Deep in oral cavity parallel to the long axis of the mesiodistal plane of lateral incisor

40
Q

Where do you place the sensor for maxillary canines PA?

A

Deep in oral cavity parallel to the long axis and the mesiodistal plane of canine

41
Q

Where do you place the sensor for maxillary premolars PA?

A

Parallel to the buccal of the premolars, centered over second premolar

42
Q

What should be included in a maxillary premolar PA?

A

Distal third of canine, both premolars, and first molar

43
Q

What should be included in a maxillary molar PA?

A

All three molars and part of tuberosity

44
Q

Where do you place the sensor for maxillary molars PA?

A

Centered over the second molar

45
Q

Where do you place the sensor for mandibular central and lateral PA?

A

Lingual sulcus

46
Q

Where do you place the sensor for mandibular cuspid PA?

A

As far lingual as the the tongue permits, centered over the canine

47
Q

What should the mandibular cuspid PA include?

A

Entire canine

48
Q

Where do you place the sensor for mandibular premolar PA?

A

Lingual sulcus parallel to the buccal of the premolar

49
Q

What should the mandibular premolar PA include?

A

Distal third of the canine, premolars, and first molar

50
Q

What should the mandibular molar PA include?

A

All three molars

51
Q

What should ALL PAs include?

A

2-3mm of periapical space

52
Q

What is the correct horizontal angulation for a premolar bitewing?

A

Buccal surfaces of the premolars are parallel to the receptor and PID, X-ray beam is perpendicular to the tooth and interproximal contacts

53
Q

What is the correct horizontal angulation for a molar bitewing

A

Buccal surfaces of the molars are parallel to the receptor and PID, X-ray beam is perpendicular to the tooth and interproximal contacts

54
Q

What is the correct vertical angulation?

A
  • X-ray beam is perpendicular to tooth and sensor
  • Positive angulation of +7 to +10 degrees is acceptable too

ORPT 301 (10 decks)

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